unit 9 vocab

Question 1

A by-product of combustion of any fuel in the atmosphere, and is 78% nitrogen.

Answer 1

nitrogen oxides

Question 2

carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, CO2. is naturally produced by respiration and metabolism, and consumed by plants in their photosynthesis.

Answer 2

carbon oxides

Question 3

Pollutant compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, for example: gasoline, perfumes

Answer 3

hydrocarbons

Question 4

A gas composed of 3 oxygen atoms found in the stratosphere that protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays

Answer 4

ozone

Question 5

the layer of the atm. above the troposphere, extending roughly 16 to 50 km above the surface of Earth.

Answer 5

stratosphere

Question 6

a layer of the atm. closest to the surface of Earth, extending up to approximately 16 km

Answer 6

troposphere

Question 7

Undetectable with the human eye, most of it is emitted by the Sun, absorbed by ozone in Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 7

UV radiation

Question 8

are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. They are used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants

Answer 8

CFC’s

Question 9

a species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest

Answer 9

Keystone species

Question 10

the decline or disappearance of biological diversity

Answer 10

Biodiversity loss

Question 11

the process by which an increase in ocean CO2 causes more CO2 to be converted to carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the water

Answer 11

Ocean Acidification

Question 12

gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.

Answer 12

Ozone thinning

Question 13

Deplete the Ozone Layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances

Answer 13

Montreal Protocool

Question 14

tiny particles or gases that are released into the air from different sources

Answer 14

Emissions

Question 15

A gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation.

Answer 15

Greenhouse gases

Question 16

how many parts a certain molecule or compound makes up within the one million parts of the whole solution.

Answer 16

Parts per million

Question 17

part of the electromagnetic spectrum. People encounter Infrared waves every day; the human eye cannot see it, but humans can detect it as heat.

Answer 17

Infrared Radiation

Question 18

“deliberate large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change”

Answer 18

Gioengineering

Question 19

an increase in the level of the world’s oceans due to the effects of global warming.

Answer 19

Sea level rise

Question 20

is a process that occurs after energy from a planet’s host star goes through the planet’s atmosphere and heats the planet’s surface.

Answer 20

Greenhouse effect

Question 21

referred to as climate change or global warming, is the impact on the climate from the additional heat retained due to the increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that humans have released into the earths atmosphere since the industrial revolution.

Answer 21

Enhanced greenhouse effect

Question 22

A mechanism in which a change in some condition triggers a response that intensifies the changing condition

Answer 22

Positive Feedback

Question 23

These particles impact climate through direct scattering and absorption of incoming solar radiation. It can alter cloud properties, the formation of clouds and precipitation. Ex: when hairspray is used.

Answer 23

Aerosol Effect

Question 24

is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to temperature alterations.

Answer 24

Thermal expansion

Question 25

an impermeable, permanently frozen layer of soil

Answer 25

Permafrost

Question 26

an approach to stabilizing greenhouse gases by removing CO2 from the atm.

Answer 26

Carbon capture and storage/carbon sequestration

Question 27

a species that is in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range

Answer 27

Endangered species

Question 28

(habitat destruction, invasive species, population growth, pollution, climate change, and over exploitation) describes the main factors leading to a decrease in biodiversity.

Answer 28

HIPPCO