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APES > Unit 6 Energy Resources and Consumption > Flashcards

Unit 6 Energy Resources and Consumption Flashcards

1
Q

Exist in fixed amounts
Cannot be replaced on a human time scale

A

Nonrenewable

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2
Q

Can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption

A

Renewable

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3
Q

three examples of renewable resources

A

solar energy
biomass energy
wind energy
geothermal energy
hydropower energy
energy

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4
Q

three examples of nonrenewable resources

A

fossil fuel
coal
natural gas
nuclear

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5
Q

How do developed and developing countries compare when it comes to energy consumption? Why?

A

Developed Countries
Consume more energy
More affluent, so have more items that require energy
Use more fossil fuels due to cost and availability

Developing Countries
The countries currently use 30% of the planet’s energy, combined
Focus on subsistence energy

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6
Q

What type of country (developed or developing) uses more fossil fuels? Why?

A

As industrialization increases,
energy consumption increases.

Developed because they consume more energy from having more items that require energy. It is also our to cost and availability

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7
Q

Why is wood fuel commonly used in developing countries?

A

Biomass easily attainable in developing countries

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8
Q

environmental concerns with using wood as an energy source

A

Deforestation
Habitat fragmentation
Habitat loss
Soil erosion
Runoff
Air pollution: PM, NOx, SOx, CO, VOCs, and dioxins

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9
Q

list the ranks of coal in order from highest to lowest

A

Anthracite
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Lignite
Peat

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10
Q

three air pollutants that are emitted during the burning of coal.

A

Hg, Pb, SO2, NOx, PM, heavy metals

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11
Q

What is released when natural gas is burned (thus making it the “cleanest” fossil fuel)?

A

CO2 and water vapor

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12
Q

How is Coal Power Generated?

A

Coal burned, water boils, steam spins turbines, generators release electrons, creates electricity

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13
Q

Environmental Problems?
coal

A

Industrial Smog
Acid Rain
Mercury
CO2 causes global warming

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14
Q

Human Health Problems
coal

A

Air pollution 🡪 Resp. Probs. Such as Asthma
Mercury in Tuna
Mining-Black Lung

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15
Q

what country contains the largest amount of the energy source. COAL

A

US, second China

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16
Q

Environmental Problems
natural gas

A

Pipelines can explode
Some carbon dioxide
Fracking contaminates aquifers
CO2 and air pollution

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17
Q

Human Health Problems
nat. gas

A

Toxic gas
Asthma

18
Q

what country contains the largest amount of the energy source. CRUDE OIL

A

Russia

19
Q

what country contains the largest amount of the energy source. Natural gas

A

Russia

20
Q

what country contains the largest amount of the energy source. Uranium 235

A

Kazakhstan

21
Q

what country contains the largest amount of the energy source. GEOTHERMAL

A

USA, Iceland

22
Q

Describe how fossil fuels are ignited and converted into electricity.

A
  1. Burned in power station (Chemical->heat)
  2. Heat boil water (heat->kinetic)
  3. Steam turns blades of turbine (kinetic)
  4. Turbine powers generator (Kinetic -> electricity)
23
Q

How do wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric operate?

A

geo ⪢ Heat comes from the natural
radioactive decay of elements
deep within Earth
Wind - wind spins blades to turn turbine and generate electricity
hydroe - water flows through pipe spins turbine and make electricity

24
Q

Fracking is short for ______________ ______________ and it is a concern because…

A

Hydraulic fracking
groundwater contamination, and seismic activity (earthquake)

25
Q

How does fracking pollute the groundwater?

A

fracking fluid is forced underground using high pressure
Toxic chemicals go into bedrock and seep into water aquifers and contaminates it

26
Q

State where Chernobyl is located and explain what happened there.

A

Ukraine. nuclear power plant in Ukraine was the product of a flawed Soviet reactor design coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operators

27
Q

Explain what happened at Three Mile Island, and why it is significant.

A

Pennsylvania. A pressure valve in. nuclear power industry failed to close and contaminated water with radiation and radioactive gases.

28
Q

Explain how thermal pollution is produced by power plants.

A

Water used as a coolant and returned to the
environment at a higher temperature
○ However, only water vapor released from
cooling tower

29
Q

▪ Environmental Problems Nuclear

A

▪ Accidents
▪ Disposal of spent fuel rods
▪ Thermal Pollution

30
Q

does nuclear produce emission

A

no

31
Q

Compare passive and active solar energy.

A

Passive: Does not require technology, South facing walls, dark roofs, solar ovens

Active: Uses the sun’s energy with
additional technology, no emissions, expensive

32
Q

______ is the active element in most photovoltaic cells. How do PV cells work?

A

Silicon
generate electricity by absorbing sunlight and using that light energy to create an electrical current.

33
Q

Compare off grid to on grid solar systems.

A

On-grid system is one in which the solar power system is connected to the utility’s power grid while being off-grid means the system works independently and the consumer is not connected to the utility’s power system.

34
Q

How is geothermal energy generated?

A

Heat comes from the natural
radioactive decay of elements
deep within Earth
○ Convection currents bring
magma towards the crust,
heats underground

35
Q

Describe the basic components of a fuel cell

A
  • anode and + cathode
36
Q

What are the limitations of fuel cells

A

○ Difficult to obtain H without using large
amounts of energy
○ Needs a distribution network setup
○ Vehicles in danger of fire and explosions

37
Q

What are the advantages of using fuel cells

A

○ 70% efficient
○ No emissions

38
Q

How does a wind turbine work

A

Wind turns the propeller-like blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spins a generator, which creates electricity.

39
Q

What are the limitations of wind turbine

A

expensive batteries for storage, bird/bat
collisions, noise/aesthetic issues

40
Q

What are the advantages of using wind turbine

A

nondepletable, free and clean; farms land
can be multi-purpose

APES (10 decks)

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