Unit 2

Question 1

Levels of biodiversity

Answer 1

Genetic
Species
Ecosystem

Question 2

Genetic diversity

Answer 2

How different the genes are of individuals in a population

Question 3

Species diversity

Answer 3

The number of different species in an ecosystem and the balance, or evenness of the population sizes of all species

Question 4

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 4

The number of different habitats available in a given area

Question 5

Bottleneck

Answer 5

A chance of an event that reduces individuals drastically, reducing genetic variation

Question 6

Founder effect

Answer 6

few individuals start a new population. variation changes from the original population.

Question 7

Generalist

Answer 7

Survive in a wide range of conditions and has a diverse diet

Question 8

Specialist

Answer 8

Survive in a narrow range of conditions, and have a limited diet

Question 9

Richness

Answer 9

Number of species in a given area

Question 10

Evenness

Answer 10

Abundance of species in a given area

Question 11

What does richness and evenness reveal about an ecosystem

Answer 11

High richness more species equals more quality resources
Evenness if there are one or two dominant species population sizes are balanced

Question 12

Definition of provisioning

Answer 12

Goods produced, or provided by ecosystems

Question 13

Examples of provisioning

Answer 13

Food, fresh water, fuel wood, fiber, biochemicals, genetic resources

Question 14

Define regulating

Answer 14

Benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes

Question 15

Examples of regulating

Answer 15

Climate regulation, disease regulation, flood regulation, detoxification, filtration, storm damage

Question 16

Define cultural

Answer 16

Nonmaterial benefits, obtain from ecosystems

Question 17

Example of cultural

Answer 17

Spiritual, recreational, aesthetic, inspirational, educational, symbolic

Question 18

Define supporting

Answer 18

Natural ecosystem supporting themselves

Question 19

Examples of supporting

Answer 19

Soil formation, nutrient cycling, primary production, pollination, water cycle, photosynthesis

Question 20

Zone of tolerance

Answer 20

The range of an environmental condition that is beneficial for the organism

Question 21

Five ways humans have disrupted ecosystem services on earth

Answer 21

Pollution, deforestation, habitat destruction, overharvesting, water, pollution, climate change, introduction of invasive species

Question 22

Size and location affect immigration and extinction rates

Question 23

Island biogeography

Answer 23

Larger island = greater ecosystem diversity = more food, and habitat resources, more niches
Closer to mainland = easier for a colonizing organisms to get to the island = more genetic diversity in a new population

Question 24

Why are island specialist susceptible to extinction?

Answer 24

They can only live in a specific range of conditions, and eat certain types of food. This means if the range of conditions and food are not available, they are most likely to die.

Question 25

Zone of intolerance

Answer 25

No Organisms. Too high or low range conditions. Where organisms die

Question 26

Zone of physiological stress

Answer 26

Few organisms. Where organisms survive would experience some stress as infertility lack of growth decrease activity.

Question 27

Zone of optimum

Answer 27

Abundance of organisms. Minimal stress In range conditions. Able to survive, grow and reproduce.

Question 28

Examples of natural disruptions to the environment

Answer 28

Fires, epidemics, droughts, floods, hurricanes

Question 29

Compare resistance to resilience

Answer 29

Resistance - ability of an ecosystem to maintain normal functions and processes during a disturbance
Resilience - ability of an ecosystem to recover after a disturbance

Question 30

Primary succession

Answer 30

Community change that occurs with new land formation

Question 31

Secondary succession

Answer 31

Community change that occurs with land already forM