unit B part two Flashcards

(65 cards)

1
Q

evolution

A

state of changing

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2
Q

theory

A

a very well substantiated explanation of some aspect

-as close to a fact as possible

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3
Q

levels of classification

A
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
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4
Q

taxonomy

A

organization + classification of living things

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5
Q

aristotles involvement in taxonomy

A

initiated this by the ladder of life

-classifying plants vs animals

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6
Q

van leeuwenhoek involvement in taxonomy

A

continued to further divide organisms with the help of the invention of the microscope
-animals plants and protists

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7
Q

carlos linnaeus involvement in taxonomy

A

smaller and smaller dividing based on physical characteristics
-phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

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8
Q

we classify living things to

A

identify
for communication
predictions
evolution proof

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9
Q

protist

A

not plant or animals

-small creatures

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10
Q

the six kingdoms

A
eubacteria
plantae
animalia
fungi
protista
archaebacteria
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11
Q

eubacteria

A

-asexual reproduction
-simple organisms
-most in numbers
example > bacteria

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12
Q

plantae

A

-autotroph
-photosynthesis
example > mosses + ferns

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13
Q

animalia

A

-sexual reproduction
-heterotroph
-most diverse
example > mammals, birds

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14
Q

fungi

A

-heterotroph
-multicellular
example > mushrooms

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15
Q

protista

A

-aquatic habitat
-single celled
example > algae

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16
Q

archaebacteria

A

-heterotroph
-live in saltwater
example > methanogens

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17
Q

fundamental aspect of evolution

A

cells all came from one

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18
Q

cell category

A

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

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19
Q

bacteria (cell category)

A

no nucleaus or organelles

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20
Q

archaea (cell category)

A

no membrane bound organelles

> live in extreme enviroments

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21
Q

eukarya (cell category)

A

membrane bound

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22
Q

what is the acrynome used to remmeber the levels of classification

A
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti
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23
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

greater classification diagram
>looks similar to a tree
-shows the evolutionary process and their connections

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24
Q

taxonomy

A

science of classification

-shows relatedness

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25
two different animals cannot share the same...
genus and species
26
binomial nomenclature
system using 2 names to denote a species
27
species
all individuals that can interbreed naturally to produce fertile offspring
28
genus
ranks animals below family, above species
29
geology
study of Earths geology, can be slow or sudden change
30
percentage of creatures that have lived and are gone
90 percent
31
fossil
fraction of what used to be -shows increase in complexity of life example : initially very simple life like the common cell
32
principal of superposition
tend to find similar complexity of fossils on similar layers of earth - since the older (less complex) the earth is, the lower a layer it will be - the younger the fossil (more complex) the closer to the surface this layer will be
33
radiometric dating
way to date fossils (technique) | -using a ratio of carbon14 (lack of when dead)
34
homologous
similarity in features 'due to inheritance'
35
analogous
look similar, without a common ancestor
36
homologous structures
similar structures that don't function the same | -believed to be from evolution and inheritance
37
vestigial structures
structures that don't seem useful | -wisdom teeth
38
analogous structure
looks similar but not due to inheristance
39
embryology
similarity in embryos across different species fetuses
40
selective breeding
shows through humans actions, species over time can change
41
biochemistry
things that are similar have similarity right down to the genetic code
42
spontaneous generation
common belief in the 1800s that life appeared from magic in the air -disproved in the 1860s (pasteur)
43
lamarck
theory of acquired traits -organisms want to improve themselves -organisms have the ability to produce new adaptations to change themselves and pass it on example - giraffes
44
charles darwin
created the theory of natural selection
45
adaptation
structural and behavioral, food + protection +reproductive | -improves an organisms survival
46
main points of the theory of natural selection (three)
-organisms produce way more offspring than they need example penguins -there is variation among individuals in a population example humans -always seems to be competition in nature example coral (sunlight)
47
survival of the fittest means
who is the most FIT to survive in that environment
48
variation
a range of difference can exist in two ways -interspecific -intraspecfic
49
interspecfic variation
variations occur between different species
50
intraspecific
variations occur in the same species
51
continously variable
exists on a spectrum -controlled by many genes example - hair color
52
discrete variation
distinct -controlled by a specific gene example - blood type
53
structural adaptations
physical features
54
behavioral adaptations
the way an organism acts or things
55
physiological adaptation
changes or chemical reactions that occur within an organism
56
sources of variation
- sexual variation | - mutations
57
sexual variation
increases population variety, since genetics are new and unique
58
mutations
changes in DNA while cells are changing | example - sickle cell ammonia, blood are the wrong shape
59
species
organisms that have similar structures and behaviors that make them capable to interbreed to produce fertile offspring
60
speciation
the making of species
61
production of new species need...
variation isolation selective advantage
62
directional selection
graphing showing change from the side
63
microevolution
change in gene pool
64
macroevolution
speciation, change between two species
65
3 things needed for evolution
variety - sexual reproduction, mutants isolation natural selection - competition