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Science > Unit C - Section 2 > Flashcards

Unit C - Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

5 uses of water

A
  • human drinking water
  • recreation
  • livestock drinking water
  • irrigation
  • protection of aquatic life
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2
Q

Microbiological indicators

A

Microscopic organisms such as bacteria can cause serious health issues.

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3
Q

Aquatic invertebrates

A

Water with a large number of harmful bacteria that causes illness

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4
Q

What indicates unsafe water

A

Water that shows affect of pollution

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5
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals without backbones (insects, crustaceans, worms and mollusks)

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6
Q

What are invertebrates used for

A

Used for monitoring because different invertebrates prefer different living conditions

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7
Q

What can affect these types of organisms

A

Water temperature and pH

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8
Q

Aquatic environment

A

If the pH of the wafer is below 5.0 you will not find many fish there

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9
Q

Why does the diversity decrease

A

Because it’s acidity that increases and its dissolved oxygen decreseases

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10
Q

What is monitored in water quality

A
  • dissolved oxygen
  • acidity
  • heavy metals
  • plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus)
  • pesticides
  • salts such as sodium chloride
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11
Q

Ppm

A

Parts per million or milligrams per litre

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12
Q

Ppb

A

Parts per billion

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13
Q

How many times do you move the decimal if it’s ppm

A

You move the decimal 6 times to the right

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14
Q

How many times do you move the decimal if it’s ppb

A

You move the decimal 9 times to the right

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15
Q

Why is dissolved oxygen essential

A

For the health if aquatic life such as fish, insects and micro organisms

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16
Q

What does the level of dissolved oxygen depend on

A
  • temperature
  • turbulence due to wind or the speed of moving water
  • the amount of photosynthesis by plants and algae in the water
  • the number of organisms using up the oxygen
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17
Q

What do the white dots represent

A

Number of bacteria

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18
Q

What does a clean lake have

A

Contains a variety of organisms. (Fish, mayfly nymph, stonefly nymph, midge larvae and worms).

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19
Q

What does the second stage have

A

Added plant nutrients from treated sewage or runoff from fields causes more algae. Fewer fish can live in these conditions

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20
Q

Third stage

A

Some plants die. The population of bacteria increases. The lake is no longer a place where fish and insects can live in

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21
Q

Acidic deposition

A

Major problem because the soil and water lack natural bases to neutralize acidic precipitation

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22
Q

What is Spring acid shock

A

When the snow melts the acid meltwater flows into aquatic systems.

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23
Q

What concentration does this create

A

Of acid that can lower pH of the water in a pond, lake or river for a short time

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24
Q

Why is Spring acid shock dangerous

A

Affects the eggs of aquatic organisms

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25
Q

Toxiticy

A

Describes how poisonous a substance is

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26
Q

What do toxins produce

A

Produce serious health or death

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27
Q

What is LD50

A

Used to compare toxins

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28
Q

What does LD stand for

A

Lethal dose

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29
Q

What does the 50 represent

A

50%

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30
Q

What is LD50 the amount of

A

Amount of a substance that causes 50% of a group of test animals to die if they are given a dose

31
Q

Mercury poisoning

A

Numbness of arms and legs, involuntary movements, nerve damage, brain damage

32
Q

What does Mercury belong to

A

Belongs to a group of substances called heavy metals

33
Q

Heavy metals density

A

5 g/cm cubed or more

34
Q

Example of heavy metals

A

Copper, zinc, Mercury, cadmium, nickel

35
Q

nitrogen

A

78%

36
Q

Oxygen

A

21%

37
Q

Argon

A

Less than 1%

38
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

0.03%

39
Q

How can Air quality be determined

A

By measuring the levels of pollutants in the air
Estimating the amount of emissions from pollution sources

40
Q

Sulfur dioxide

A

A major air pollutant that forms smog and acid rain

41
Q

How does sulfur dioxide affect u

A

Affects ur respiratory system and irritates eyes

42
Q

Major source of sulfur dioxide

A

Industrial process

43
Q

Gypsum

A

Calcium sulfate

44
Q

What can gypsum be used for

A

Used in manufacturing

45
Q

Nitrogen oxides

A

Major air pollutants that form smog and acid rain

46
Q

What does nitrogen oxides affect u

A

Respiratory system and the eyes

47
Q

How do nitrogen oxides form

A

Form from combustion in vehicles

48
Q

What do nitrogen oxides combine with

A

Combined with oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide gas, then combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form nitrogen dioxide, a brownish gas

49
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Called the silent killer because it is a colourless and odourless gas

50
Q

What happens when chemicals containing carbon burn

A

Produce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide

51
Q

When does carbon monoxide form

A

If there is not enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

52
Q

What if there is enough oxygen during combustion

A

Carbon dioxide is produced

53
Q

Carbon monoxide source

A

Motor vehicles

54
Q

How does carbon monoxide affect u

A

Reduces the amount of oxygen carried by the blood which can cause headaches, sleepiness, chest pains, brain damage and death

55
Q

Where is ozone found

A

Earths surface

56
Q

Ozone

A

Colourless, odourless gas composes of 3 oxygen atoms

57
Q

How does ozone form

A

From reactions between oxygen, nitrogen oxides and compounds called (VOCs) in the presence of heat and sunlight

58
Q

VOCs

A

Volatile Organic Compounds

59
Q

What are VOCs

A

Organic chemicals that evaporate easily

60
Q

Ground level ozone source

A

Fuel combustion in vehicle engines and industry

61
Q

To who is ozone harmful to

A

Ppl who have lung disease like asthma and anyone with a cold

62
Q

What does a greenhouse do

A

Traps heat from the Suns radiant energy

63
Q

What does this heat do

A

Allows living things to live grow and reproduce

64
Q

The atmospheric gases that trap heat are

A

Greenhouse gases

65
Q

What are the greenhouse gases

A

Water Vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides

66
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

Results from the greater concentration of gases trapping even more heat

67
Q

Why is enhanced greenhouse effect a problem

A

Increases overall temperatures on Earth. This is called global warming

68
Q

Why is global warming dangerous

A

Because it can lead to climate change which could affect living things all around the world.
Violent storms, floods, and spread of diseases

69
Q

Ozone layer formation

A

The ozone layer is a natural formation of ozone 15 to 50 km above the Earths surface

70
Q

What has been noticed about the ozone layer

A

That this layer has become thinner allowing more UV radiation to reach the Earth’s surface. Some are so thin they are called holes in the ozone

71
Q

What is the affect of the thinning of the ozone

A

Caused by the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

72
Q

How are CFCs used

A

Used in many different applications such as refrigerators, hairspray and fire extinguishers

73
Q

How do CFCs destroy the ozone

A

UV radiations breaks then down into substances such as chlorine that destroy the ozone layer

74
Q

What can 1 atom remove

A

One atom can remove 100 000 ozone molecules

Science (20 decks)

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