unit five: baron's 3 (69-74)

Question 1

neouroscience or biopsychological perspective

Answer 1

the influence of biology on psychology

Question 2

neuroanatomy

Answer 2

refers to the study of the parks and functions of neurons

Question 3

neurons

Answer 3

are individual nerve cells. these cells make up our entire nervous system

Question 4

dendrites

Answer 4

rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body. dendrities trow to make synaptic connections with other neurons

Question 5

cell body/ soma

Answer 5

contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

wire like structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body

Question 7

myelin sheath

Answer 7

a fatty covering around the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses

Question 8

terminal buttons

Answer 8

aka end buttons, synaptic knobs or terminal branches of axon: the branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters

Question 9

neurotransmitters

Answer 9

chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate. neurotransmitters fit into reception sites on the dendrites of neurons like a key fits into a lock

Question 10

synapse

Answer 10

the space between the terminal buttons of one neurons and the dendirties of the next neuron

Question 11

receptor sites

Answer 11

reaction between the terminal buttons of neurons A stimulate and release neurotransmitters into the synapse. these fit into the receptor sites on the the dendrities of neuron B.

Question 12

threshold

Answer 12

if enough neurotransmitters are received

Question 13

action potential

Answer 13

the change in charge spreads down the length of neuron B like a bullet from a gun. electrical firing

Question 14

all or none principle

Answer 14

when a neuron fires completely. if the dendrities of a neuron receive enough neurotransmitters to push the neuron past it’s threshold the neuron will fire completely each time. a neuron cannot fire a little or a lot

Question 15

excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 15

meaning that they excite the next cell into firing

Question 16

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 16

meaning that they inhibit the next cell from firing

Question 17

nervous system

Answer 17

brings information from our sense to our brain

Question 18

our bodies two wires

Answer 18

1. take information to the brian

2. take instructions back from the brain to the muscles

Question 19

afferent neurons

Answer 19

take information from the senses to the brain.

add aren’t nerves as taking information in AT the brain

Question 20

interneurons

Answer 20

once information teachers the brain or spinal cord this neuron takes the message and sends them elsewhere in the brain or on to efferent neurons

Question 21

efferent neurons

Answer 21

take information from the brain to the rest of the body.

efferent nerves carry information that EXIT the brain

Question 22

our nervous system is divided into different categories based on function

Answer 22

center al and peripheral nervous systems

Question 23

CNS central nervous system

Answer 23

consists of brain and spinal cord

Question 24

spinal cord

Answer 24

all the nerves housed within the bone.

Question 25

PNS peripheral nervous system

Answer 25

consists of all the other beavers in your body— all nerves not encased in bone 1. somatic 2. autonomic nervous systems

Question 26

somatic nervous system

Answer 26

controls our voluntary muscle movements

Question 27

autonomic nervous system

Answer 27

controls the automatic functions of our body— our hearts lung etc. controls responses to stress— fight or flight

Question 28

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

mobilized our body to respond to stress. carries messages to the control systems of the organs glands muscles etc that direct our body’s response to stress

Question 29

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

responsible for slowing down our body after a stressful response. it carries messages to the stress response system that causes our body to slow down

Question 30

brain

Answer 30

controls most of human thought and behavior

Question 31

phineas gage and accidents

Answer 31

- damages the front part of his brain - doctors noted that gage was more emotional and impulsive after accident - concludes that that part of the brain that was damaged also controlled emotion

Question 32

lessioning

Answer 32

the removal or destruction of the brain. never done purely for experimental purposes. doctors decide that the best treatment can be surgical removing some part of the brain. this is when it is done