unit four

Question 1

describe the quaternary sector

Answer 1

the knowledge based sector accounting for 15% of the working population. roughly generates £30 billion annually and has become increasingly significant in recent years

Question 2

what two factors have driven the growth of the quaternary industry?

Answer 2

• the expansion of universities and higher education
• firms investing in larger research departments to help develop new products faster

Question 3

how much do the british government spend annually on research and development projects?

Answer 3

£9 billion

Question 4

what is the case study for a regional quaternary industry cluster?

Answer 4

m4 corridor

Question 5

what is special about the m4 corridor?

Answer 5

many high tech industries have located here including information technology industries and computer based industries

Question 6

what are the advantages of the m4 corridor?

Answer 6

the location provides good road communication and a quick route into central london for business meetings. alongside this heathrow airport is conveniently located on the m4 providing easy overseas access

Question 7

how many jobs does the m4 corridor provide?

Answer 7

500,000 jobs

Question 8

describe what aldermaston and harwell do

Answer 8

nuclear fusion research

Question 9

describe what jealotts hill do

Answer 9

project safety

Question 10

describe what porton down do

Answer 10

drug evaluation and animal breeding for behavioural science

Question 11

describe what brunel university do

Answer 11

engineering, design and science - in the top 20 international universities

Question 12

who established Cambridge science park

Answer 12

trinity college

Question 13

when was cambridge science park founded?

Answer 13

1970

Question 14

what was the first company to move into cambridge science park?

Answer 14

lazer-scan

Question 15

how many companies were in cambridge science park in 1999 and how many people did these companies employ?

Answer 15

64 companies employing 4,000 people

Question 16

what is an agglomeration of economies?

Answer 16

a localised economy with a large number of companies and services in close proximity to eachother benefiting from cost reductions and gains in efficiency

Question 17

what percent of cambridges jobs are in the quaternary sector? how does this compare to other areas of the UK?

Answer 17

8.2% which is significantly higher than across the UK, for example manchester has 2% employed in the quaternary sector which is 4 times lower than cambridge.

Question 18

how expensive is a house in cambridgeshire compared to the rest of england?

Answer 18

average house price in cambridgeshire is 420,000 compared to the national average of 240,000

Question 19

why are cambridge’s house prices so much higher than the national average?

Answer 19

most of the jobs in cambridge are in the quaternary sector which is extremely well paid due to the skills required to work in the sector. alongside this a lot of individuals are well educated due to cambridge university being nearby, which would lead to higher paying jobs

Question 20

what is cambridges unemployment rate?

Answer 20

2.2% which is significantly lower than the rest of the UK with a rate of 4.8%

Question 21

describe the congestion levels in cambridge

Answer 21

very poor - 13th most congested in the UK

Question 22

how many hours was someone stuck in traffic in cambridge?

Answer 22

27 hours

Question 23

why is the congestion so bad in cambridge?

Answer 23

a lot of people cannot afford the house prices so they commute to work, causing bad traffic jams

Question 24

what was cambridges population increase compared to englands population increase between 2011 and 2021?

Answer 24

cambridges was 14% and englands was 8%

Question 25

how much is astrazenica spending on a new development?

Answer 25

1 billion, and 4 billion on long term investments

Question 26

what is the survival rate of quaternary companies compared to normal companies?

Answer 26

80% compared to 58%

Question 27

who are the economic winners and loosers from cambridges economic growth?

Answer 27

winners: the highly educated population who can access the quaternary careers loosers: those who are not qualified so will not get the pay rise and still have to deal with the raising house prices (420,000 avrg)

Question 28

who are the social winners and loosers from cambridge's economic growth?

Answer 28

winners: those who are moving into the area and can afford the house prices as there are low unemployment rates loosers: those who have been forced of their homes and have to deal with the overpopulation and congestion rates

Question 29

by how much did cambridges population increase between 2001 and 2011?

Answer 29

100,000 - 145,000

Question 30

how might the overheating of cambridge science park benefit other science parks?

Answer 30

companies invest and relocate to other parks such as birmingham due to the cheaper land costs leading to the positive multiplier effect