unit one

Question 1

what is the primary industry?

Answer 1

the extraction of raw materials from the ground or the sea

Question 2

give some examples of primary jobs

Answer 2

farming, fishing, forestry and farming

Question 3

what is the secondary industry?

Answer 3

the manufacturing of goods using the raw material from primary industries

Question 4

give some examples of secondary jobs

Answer 4

steel making, chemical industries, car manufacturing and construction

Question 5

what is the tertiary industry?

Answer 5

an industry that does not produce anything but involves the provision of different services to people and other industries

Question 6

give some examples of tertiary jobs

Answer 6

banking, insurance, retail, schools and hospitals

Question 7

what is the quaternary industry?

Answer 7

the knowledge based sector, mainly found in HIC’s

Question 8

give some examples of quaternary jobs

Answer 8

information, communication technology and research and development

Question 9

what are the three stages of the clarke-fisher model?

Answer 9

1. the preindustrial phase
2. the industrial phase
3. the post industrial phase

Question 10

describe stage one of the clarke-fisher model (the pre-industrial stage)

Answer 10

• the stage of most LIC’s
• upwards of 70% of the population are in primary sector jobs which is the extraction of raw materials and agriculture

Question 11

describe stage two of the clarke fisher model (the industrial stage)

Answer 11

• the phase of most NEE’s such as china/mexico.
• secondary industries are at their peak but still just below 50%
• primary industries are declining

Question 12

describe stage three of the clarke fisher model (the post industrial stage)

Answer 12

• the stage of most HIC’S such as the UK
• quaternary industries are established and important
• secondary and primary industries decline
• tertiary services rise

Question 13

what is an example of a country in the pre industrial stage?

Answer 13

rowanda

Question 14

what is an example of a country in the industrial stage?

Answer 14

• malaysia and south korea

Question 15

what is an example of a country that is in the post industrial stage?

Answer 15

the UK

Question 16

what are some examples of countries that don’t fit the clarke fisher model

Answer 16

UAE (dubai) is still in the pre-industrial stage yet is a HIC
China is in the industrial stage yet is a HIC not an NEE/LIC

Question 17

how many people were employed in Britain’s coal mines in the 1920s

Answer 17

1.2 million

Question 18

why does the UK import coal from other countries such as Russia and Columbia?

Answer 18

it is much cheaper than to mine it locally e.g. in 2012 96% of our coal was imported

Question 19

what did maragret thatcher do in 1984?

Answer 19

announced the closure of 20 coal mines with a loss of 20,000 jobs

Question 20

other than maragret thatcher, why else did coal mines decline?

Answer 20

negative public perceptions, particularly to do with climate change and global warming
the development of cleaner renewable energy sources

Question 21

when did 20 coal mines close in the UK?

Answer 21

1984

Question 22

why did primary employment decline?

Answer 22

mechanisation

Question 23

how long would it take a farmer to plough one acre in 1914 compared to now?

Answer 23

1914 - one day using horses
2024 - <15 minutes using a tractor

Question 24

what are the positives of mechanisation?

Answer 24

• higher yeild of crops
• more efficient so more money is generated

Question 25

what are the negatives of mechanisation?

Answer 25

• people have lost jobs
• increased number of CO2 emissions
• rise in suicide rates due to loneliness

Question 26

how many people were employed in agriculture in 1841 compared to 2011

Answer 26

1841 - one in five workers
2011 - less than one in one hundred

Question 27

why was there a decline in secondary employment?

Answer 27

deindustrialisation

Question 28

what is deindustrialisation?

Answer 28

a decline in the manufacturing industry resulting in less secondary sector employment

Question 29

why has deindustrialisation occurred in the UK?

Answer 29

• globalisation
• multi-national companies
• new production technology
• loss of competitiveness
• lack of investment

Question 30

what is globalisation?

Answer 30

the share of materials across the world and the increasing interconnectivity and interdependence among countries and economies across the world

Question 31

what has globalisation been driven by?

Answer 31

technology and multi national companies

Question 32

what is global shift?

Answer 32

the movement of manufacturing from MEDCs to the developing world

Question 33

why do companies source manufacturing from NEE’s

Answer 33

• lower labour costs
• fewer employment laws
• hard working and well educated workforces
• cheaper land
• government incentives such as low levels of taxation and export fees

Question 34

when did dyson move their manufacturing?

Answer 34

2000

Question 35

where did dyson move their manufacturing from and to?

Answer 35

from: malmesbury, UK to malaysia

Question 36

why did dyson move from britain to malaysia?

Answer 36

manufacturing was much cheaper in malaysia and the lower labour costs expected profits to rise to £40 million in 2003

Question 37

what is the case study for global shift?

Answer 37

dyson

Question 38

apart from global shift, what else has led to the decline in the secondary industry?

Answer 38

mechanisation and robotization.

Question 39

what issues might a factory have being located in an inner city?

Answer 39

• more expensive land
• clean air zones
• congestion

Question 40

what happened to interest rates in the 1970s and 1980s?

Answer 40

they were very high - around 10% causing a lack of investment as they had to pay extortionate interest rates (e.g. 110%)

Question 41

what is the case study for the decline in the british car industry?

Answer 41

British Leyland

Question 42

how many people were employed in british leyland in 1975?

Answer 42

128, 000

Question 43

why did the British Leyland decline?

Answer 43

the workforce went on strike over working conditions. Birmingham had 500 strikes in 30 months