Unit IV

Question 1

Lincolns 10% Plan

Answer 1

• 10% of voting pop. takes an oath of loyalty and established a govt, it’ll be recognized
• Confederate civilian & military officials banned from taking the oath, voting or running for office.

Question 2

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 2

-required 50% of voters to take an oath swearing they hadn’t aided the rebellion
-Constitutional convention: repeal secession, abolish slavery, disenfranchise former leaders

Question 3

President Johnson’s Plan

Answer 3

Similar to Lincoln’s but:
-Confed. officials can ask for a pardon
-has to ask for special pardon if have over $20,000 in property
-Acted when Congress is out of session, Southern states reenter union and restore status quo.
(Literally everyone pardoned)

Question 4

Growing Northern Alarm

Answer 4

• Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements.
  -Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons (amnesty = group pardon)
• Revival of southern defiance led to black codes*

Question 5

Black Codes

Answer 5

Purpose: *guaranteed stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated , *restored pre-emancipated race relations
Impact: *Forced blacks to share crop

Question 6

Consequences of Presidential Reconstruction

Answer 6

• Nothern opinion was more radical
• Status of southern blacks is now major issue
• South feels entitled to little/no change

Question 7

Congress Reconvenes

Answer 7

*Congress bars Southern Congressional delegates,
*Joint Committee on Reconstruction created.
*Congress passed both bills over
Johnson’s vetoes → Very rare.

Question 8

Freedmen’s Bureau bill

Answer 8

Created by congress in 1865 to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support

Question 9

Black Codes*

Answer 9

Laws passed between 1865-1866 throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks, particularly in negotiating labor contracts

Question 10

Pacific Railroad Act

Answer 10

Passed by Congress in 1862 that helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and government bonds

Question 11

Pacific Railroad Act (significance)

Answer 11

an example of the Republican’s dominance in Congress between 1861 and 1865

Question 12

Civil Rights Bill

Answer 12

bill passed by Congress over Andrew Johnson’s veto in 1866, aimed to counteract the Black Codes by conferring citizenship on African Americans and making it a crime to deprive blacks of their right to sue

Question 13

Civil Rights Bill (significance)

Answer 13

illustrated clash between executive and legislative branches and Congress increasingly assumed the dominant role in running the government

Question 14

14th Amendment

Answer 14

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that extended civil rights to freed blacks and prohibited states from taking away those rights

Question 15

The 1866 Mid-Term Election

Answer 15

-A referendum on 14th Amendment
Johnson made an ill-conceived propaganda tour around the country. –Similar to what Presidents do today: “Going Public”
-Republicans win 3-1 majority in both houses.

Question 16

Reconstruction Act (definition)

Answer 16

passed by Congress in 1897 that divided the South into five military districts, disenfranchised former Confederates, and required Southern states to ratify the 14th amendment and write state Constitutions guaranteeing suffrage to freedmen

Question 17

Reconstruction Act (significance)

Answer 17

act was an attempt for moderate Republicans to create an electorate in the South that would vote Southern states back into the Union

Question 18

Ex Parte Milligan (definition)

Answer 18

A 1866 Supreme Court case that ruled that military tribunals could not be used to try civilians if civil courts were open

Question 19

Redeemers (definition)

Answer 19

Southern Democratic politicians who sought to wrest control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction

Question 20

Redeemers (significance)

Answer 20

Southern states returned to Redeemer control after federal troops left and after all federal troops left in 1877, the “solid” Democratic South congealed

Question 21

15th Amendment

Answer 21

Cannot deny the right to vote based on race
Didn’t address: black office holding, property qualifications, literacy tests

Question 22

Grant Administration Scandals

Answer 22

Era of growth and corruption:
*Credit Mobilier Scandal. - Railroad stock scandal involving members of Congress.
*Whiskey Ring - Whiskey distillers trying to avoid paying taxes - bribe IRS agents - Grant called as a witness

Question 23

Successes of Reconstruction

Answer 23

*Union is restored
*South’s economy grows and new wealth is created in the North.
*14th and 15th Amendments guarantee Blacks the rights of citizenship, equal protection under the law, and suffrage.
*Freedmen’s Bureau and other organizations help many black families obtain housing, jobs, and schooling.
*

Question 24

Solid South

Answer 24

Describes how the South would vote in future elections (until New Deal). Always voted for the Democrats because they hated the Republicans. Ex: Arkansas votes Democrat every Presidential year from 1876 to 1964.

Question 25

Southern Economy

Answer 25

-Oligarchy: “Bourbons” (Conservatives) & redeemers hold power -Lower taxes and spending, fewer state services. Fiscal conservatism. -Rapid industrial expansion, railroad growth -Slow per capita income increase, 60% of north (1900) – 1860 had been 40% of north

Question 26

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 26

An 1854 act designed to resolve the controversy over whether slavery would be permitted in the Western territories. It repealed the ban on slavery north of the 36 30 and created two separate territories.

Question 27

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 27

A phrase used to describe the wave of vigilante reprisals and counter-reprisals by pro-slavery and antislavery forces in Kansas in 1856.

Question 28

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 28

The highly controversial 1857 Supreme Court decision that rejected the claim of a slave, who argued that time spent with his owner in regions that barred slavery had made him a free man. It also declared that Congress lacked the right to regulate slavery in the territories

Question 29

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 29

Agreement that ended the Mexican War; under its terms Mexico gave up all claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande and ceded California and the Utah and New Mexico territories to the United States. The United States paid Mexico fifteen million dollars for the land, but the land cession amounted to nearly half that nation's territory.

Question 30

Sectionalism

Answer 30

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole; long term cause of the Civil War

Question 31

Freeport Doctrine (1858)

Answer 31

During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas said in that Congress couldn't force a territory to become a slave state against its will - this enraged the South because he was saying despite the Dred Scott decision states did not have to tolerate slavery -- there were methods around it - such as passing no slave codes to protect it.

Question 32

What was John C. Calhoun's opinion on the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 32

He thought that slavery should be left alone

Question 33

What was the 7th of March Speech?

Answer 33

Called for the North to support the Fugitive Slave Law and the Compromise

Question 34

Parts of the Compromise of 1850

Answer 34

1. CA would be added as a free state 2. Slave trade would be abolished in DC 3. Popular sovereignty in new Mexican territories 4. More strict Fugitive Slave Act (requires Northerners to aid in return of slaves) 5. Texas was paid 10 million to settle border dispute

Question 35

What were the impacts of the Compromise?

Answer 35

-Demonstrates tensions in Congress (sign of things to come) -Civil war was averted momentarily, the North had time to industrialize -Northerners became abolitionists and personal liberty laws not enforced

Question 36

Compromise of 1850

Answer 36

A set of five separate bills passed through Congress in 1850. This was made to end the conflict over the slavery status issues in the last four years.

Question 37

Personal Liberty Laws

Answer 37

Northern states nullifying (counter) the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Question 38

Lecompton Constitution

Answer 38

An instrument that was to be used by Southerners in the event that it would become necessary to protect slavery. Contained clauses that protected slaveholders and a bill of rights excluding free blacks. This would to stir up the troubles leading to the Civil War.

Question 39

1860 Election

Answer 39

Election where slavery was the central issue, Abraham Lincoln (Republican) won over John Breckinridge (Democrat), and John Bell (Constitutional Union Party). Lincoln won 40% of popular vote, but won a large majority of electoral votes. Lincoln's victory leads the south to secede.

Question 40

Who was the president of the Confederate States of America (Confederacy)?

Answer 40

Jefferson Davis

Question 41

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 41

A last-ditch effort to resolve the secession crisis. It proposed to bar the government from intervening in the states' decision of slavery, to restore the Missouri Compromise, and to guarantee protection of slavery below the line. (Killed in the senate, Lincoln said fuck no)

Question 42

Northern/Southern Strategies

Answer 42

The South's strategy was a stalemate. All they wanted was independence. Lincoln was much more aggressive. Secession was unacceptable and the only strategy was a policy of "unconditional surrender."

Question 43

Anaconda Plan

Answer 43

The Anaconda Plan was devised by General Scott. It was the idea that they should blockade the South and restrict its trade. Thus leading to Union victory.

Question 44

Lincoln's First Inaugural

Answer 44

Lincoln took the oath of office on March 4, 1861. His inaugural address was firm yet conciliatory stating that there would be no conflict unless the South provoked it. The North and South were bound inseparably together.