Unit one Flashcards
(66 cards)
Independent variable def
Dependent
Controlled
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to determine how the subject or subjects will react. A change in value.
An aspect of the subjects performance that is measured in an experiment to determine what effect the independent variable has on it
Variables not under study that are controlled during the experiment for all subjects . Controlled so they don’t affect the performance of the experimental or control group.
Between subject studies
Within subject design
Between- compares the responses between different groups under different conditions
Within- compare responses made by the same subject or group under different conditions
- Subjects change via?
An abrupt change in a gene is called_____. Those that occur in ____ cells are passed on to offspring.
Reflex definition
Sensitization vs habituation
Natural selection
2. Mutation, reproductive/germ cells
Reflex is a relationship between a specific event/stimulus and a simple behavior/ response
Sensitization involves an increase in the probability or intensity of a reflex response, habituation is a decrease in probability and intensity,
Fixed action patters differ from reflexes how ?
The color red is what for male stickle-back
An event an organism tends to avoid?
Fixed action potentials involve the whole entire organism and are more complex and variable
Releaser
Aversive
The fox breeding study selected foxes on the basis of ?
The chief problem with natural selection ?
Natural selection helps who adapt to change ?
Learning ability evolved why?
Behavior ( looked for more dog like behavior )
That it is slow
The species NOT THE INDIVIDUAL
Survival value
Kuos experiment showed that whether cats killed rats depended on?
Whether they saw their mothers kill rats
Natural selection
Features that are advantageous for survival are “ selected by the environment”
Are reflexes always helpful?
No for example allergic reactions of epileptic seizures
Ex sensitization and habituation
Sensitization - hear a loud noise and then are more likely to jump at the next noise
Habituation -ex repeated loud noise noise eventually gets ignored
How are FAP similar to reflexes?
Example of one
Both have strong genetic basis and little variation between individuals
Ex cat archess back and hisses, mating dance with birds
Releasers def
Specific events that elicit s fixed action potential
Fixed action potentials in humans?
Few if any- debated
General behavior traits definition
General behavior tendencies including activity level, aggression, introversion, anxiety, hoarding, and sexual practices .
Strongly influenced by genes
What cause General behavior traits
How’s this diff than FAP
Aversives- things that organisms stride to avoid. They occur in s wide variety of situations unlike releasers which are more environment specific.
How are FAP AND behavior traits also different
The behavior with FAP are pretty much the same between individuals whereas behavior traits have plastic behavior ( note that genetics affect the expression of these traits )
____ twins vs ___ twins are more likely to both have manic depression or anxiety
Identical over fraternal
Evolution of adaptive characteristics occurs over ? Means what?
Occur over generations which means are of limited value coping with abrupt changes
Def learning
Change in behavior due to experience
Is learning s product of evolution
Yes
Nature nurture debate surrounds which idea
Whether behavior is inherited of learned . In reality both influence
Who said change is the only constant
Roman philosopher Lucretius
When was origin of the species published?
Who discovered the genetic basis of the theory
1859
Mendel
Pebbly beach analogy displays what for Darwins theory
How natural selection creates order out of disorder snd that eventually the pebbles settle in an order
Two examples where natural selection selected for different traits based on s changing environment
Peppered moth
And the grants observations of the Galapagos finches
