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bio 20 > unit one- matter and energy exchange > Flashcards

unit one- matter and energy exchange Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

manipulated variable

A

the variable that is being tested or changed.

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2
Q

responding variable

A

results from the variable that was tested or changed.

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3
Q

controlled variable

A

variables that stays the same

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4
Q

qualitative data

A

data that uses descriptions or words. observed with senses. e.g color, odour, state change, etc

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5
Q

quantitative data

A

data that uses measurements e.g time, length, volume, etc

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6
Q

line graph

A

graph used when the manipulated variable is time which goes on the x-axis

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7
Q

bar graph

A

graph used for comparing groups of data.

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8
Q

total magnification

A

magnification of ocular lens(10x) X magnification of objective lens(40x)

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9
Q

nucleus(both)

A

brain, contains DNA (instructions)

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10
Q

nucleolus(both)

A

makes RNA and ribosomes

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11
Q

chromosome(both)

A

in nucleus, packages DNA and controls it’s functions

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12
Q

cell membrane(both)

A

semipermeable

controls what goes in and out of the cell

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13
Q

golgi apparatus/complex(both)

A

responsible for packaging

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14
Q

lysosome(both)

A

digestion(breaks down)

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15
Q

vacuole(both)

large storage container in plant cell

A

storage of food, water and waste

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16
Q

vesicle(both)

small storage container animal cell

A

storage of food, water and waste

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17
Q

ribosome(both)

A

protein synthesis

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18
Q

endoplasmic reticulum(both)

A

transportation

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19
Q

mitochondrion(both)

A

makes ATP(energy) through cellular respiration

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20
Q

cytoplasm(both)

A

fluid in the cell

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21
Q

cell wall(plant only)

A

made of cellulose

protection and support the cell

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22
Q

chloroplast(plant only)

A

contains chlorophyll

photosynthesis occurs here

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23
Q

centriole(animal only)

A

responsible for cell division

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24
Q

impermeable

A

allows nothing through(closed door)

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25
semipermeable
allows some substances through(screen door)
26
permeable
allows all particles through(open door)
27
diffusion
movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration caused by a concentration gradient
28
simple diffusion
no energy required | moves small molecules with the concentration gradient
29
osmosis
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
30
facilitated diffusion
type of passive diffusion that requires a membrane protein
31
exocytosis
transports large particles out of the cell (active transport)
32
endocytosis
transports particles/water in the cell. two types - pinocytosis: cells absorb liquid like water - phagocytosis: cells engulf(swallow) solid particles like food
33
active transport
transports that requires the cell membrane and ATP(energy). it moves solute molecules from low to high concentration against the concentration gradient e.g nerve cells in the body
34
passive transport
transport that does not require ATP. it moves solute molecules from high to low concentration
35
transport protein
moves specific molecules molecules across cell membrane against the concentration gradient
36
concentration gradient
difference in concentration between 2 areas
37
factors that increase the rate of diffusion
- higher temperature - smaller particles - increased concentration or pressure
38
equilibrium
concentration of particles is the same across a membrane as the particles keep moving
39
solute
molecules that are dissolved in a solvent like salt or sugar
40
solvent
substance that dissolves a solute like water
41
solution
solute + solvent
42
hypertonic solution(high solute)
greater solute concentration outside of the cell than inside. cell will shrink
43
hypotonic solution(low solute)
greater solute inside the cell cell will expand
44
isotonic solution (equilibrium)
solution and cell have same concentrations making cell to stay the same. equal movement of water
45
energy
the ability to do work
46
autotroph
organism that uses sunlight to make its own food. e.g plants
47
heterotroph
eat other plants and animals for energy e.g animals
48
first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
49
second law of thermodynamics
all conversions of energy produce heat which is waste energy
50
ATP
adenosine triphosphate | - stores energy ATP= ADP + P + energy
51
photo(light) synthesis (to make or build)
the process whereby plants get their food through sunlight
52
thykaloid
pancake shaped structures inside a chloroplast and it is the site of light dependent reactions
53
chemiosmosis
the process in which ATP is created when hydrogen atoms move out of the thylakoid membrane through an enzyme called ATP synthase
54
stroma
fluid surrounding thylakoid and it is the site of the light independent reactions
55
light dependent reactions(photosynthesis)
light+water ➡️ O2+ATP+NADPH
56
light independent reactions(dark reactions)(photosynthesis)
known as the calvin benson cycle ATP+NADPH+CO2 ➡️ glucose (C6 H12 O6)
57
calvin benson cycle
energy from the light dependent reactions that is used to make glucose in the stroma
58
cellular respiration
converts glucose into energy in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion glucose + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide+ ATP
59
aerobic respiration
uses oxygen and produces 36 ATP
60
anaerobic respiration
does not use oxygen and produces only 2 ATP
61
two types of anaerobic respiration
- alcohol fermentation(yeast cells) | - muscle fermentation(muscle cells)

bio 20 (3 decks)

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