Unit One Middle/superior Mediastinum

Question 1

The mediastinum is found where

Answer 1

Space between pleural cavities in center of thoracic cavity

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the mediastinum

Answer 2

Anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, lateral

Question 3

What boundary is anterior of the mediastinum

Answer 3

Sternum

Question 4

What boundary is posterior of mediastinum

Answer 4

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 5

What boundary is superior of the mediastinum

Answer 5

Thoracic inlet

Question 6

What is the informer boundary of the mediastinum

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

What is the lateral boundary of the mediastinum

Answer 7

Pleura

Question 8

What are the divisions of the mediastinum

Answer 8

Superior and inferior mediastinum

Question 9

The inferior mediastinum can be divided into

Answer 9

Anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum

Question 10

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum

Answer 10

Pericardium of Heart, phrenic nerve, cardiac plexus, pulmonary trunk bifurcation, R and L pulmonary arteries and veins, ascending aorta, SVC, IVC, azygous vein, tracheal bifurcation, R and L bronchi and lymph nodes

Question 11

Azygous vein is mostly in what mediastinum

Answer 11

Posterior

Question 12

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum

Answer 12

Thymic remnants, trachea, esophagus, brachiocephalic veins and artery, SVC, aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, internal thoracic vessels, Vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, thoracic duct, lymph nodes

Question 13

The left vagus nerve runs between

Answer 13

Internal jugular and common carotid

Question 14

Thymus is what type of gland

Answer 14

Endocrine

Question 15

Function of thymus

Answer 15

T lymphocytes mature here

Question 16

Structure of thymus

Answer 16

Pink, flattened, asymmetric, bi-lobed structure

Question 17

The thymus extends

Answer 17

Inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum

Question 18

Thymus is most prominent in what age group

Answer 18

Children

Question 19

What is the arterial supply of the thymus

Answer 19

Inferior THYROID artery, internal thoracic artery

Question 20

What is the venous drainage of the thymus

Answer 20

Thymic vein and internal thoracic vein

Question 21

The thymic vein drains into what

Answer 21

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 22

The inferior thyroid artery and superior thyroid artery are branches from what

Answer 22

Thyrocervical trunk

Question 23

What are the tributaries into the brachiocephalic veins

Answer 23

Subclavian, internal jugular, vertebral, inferior thyroid, internal thoracic, left superior intercostal vein, posterior thymic vein

Question 24

What are the main tributaries into the brachiocephalic veins

Answer 24

Sublcavian and internal jugular veins

Question 25

What forms the superior vena cava

Answer 25

Two brachiocephalic veins

Question 26

Where does the SVC being

Answer 26

Behind the right 1st costal cartilage

Question 27

SVC ends where

Answer 27

Behind right 3rd costal cartilage

Question 28

What are the tributaries to the SVC

Answer 28

Right brachiocephalic, left brachiocephalic, azygous, pericardial veins and mediastinal veins

Question 29

What are the main tributaries to the SVC

Answer 29

Right and left brachiocephalic veins and azygous vein

Question 30

The arch of the aorta lies behind what

Answer 30

Manubrium sterni

Question 31

Where does the arch of the aorta begin

Answer 31

Level of sternal angle

Question 32

Where does the arch of the aorta end

Answer 32

Level of sternal angle

Question 33

The thoracic aorta lies in what part of mediastinum

Answer 33

Posterior

Question 34

When does the thoracic aorta begin

Answer 34

After T4-T5

Question 35

What are the branches of the aorta

Answer 35

Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian artery

Question 36

What are the branches off the brachiocephalic artery

Answer 36

Right subclavian and right common carotid artery

Question 37

What organs are in the superior mediastinum

Answer 37

Thymus, trachea, esophagus and thoracic duct

Question 38

What arteries are in the superior mediastinum

Answer 38

Aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery

Question 39

What veins and lymph vessels are in the superior mediastinum

Answer 39

SVC, brachiocephalic vein, thoracic duct

Question 40

What nerves are in the superior mediastinum

Answer 40

Vagus, left recurrent laryngeal, cardiac and phrenic

Question 41

What organs are in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 41

Thymus

Question 42

Are there nerves in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What organs are in the middle mediastinum

Answer 43

Heart and pericardium

Question 44

What arteries are in the middle mediastinum

Answer 44

Ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and branches, pericardiophrenic arteries

Question 45

What veins and lymph vessels are in the middle mediastinum

Answer 45

SVC, azygous, pulmonary vein, pericardiacophrenic vein

Question 46

What nerves are present in the middle mediastinum

Answer 46

Phrenic

Question 47

What organs are present in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 47

Esophagus

Question 48

What arteries are present in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 48

Thoracic aorta, thoracic duct

Question 49

What veins and lymph vessels are present in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 49

Azygos, hemiazygous, thoracic duct

Question 50

What nerves are present in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 50

Vagus nerve