Unit Two Abdominal Wall Flashcards by Leah Zimmerman

The rectus sheath is formed by

Aponeuroses of three lateral abdominal muscles

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Rectus sheath completely encloses

The upper 3/4s of the rectus abdominis muscles

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The rectus sheath covers the anterior surface of what part of the abdominal muscle

Lower 1/4 of the muscle

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The anterior wall aponeurosis of the upper 3/4 covers what

External oblique and internal oblique

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The rectus sheath posterior wall aponeurosis of upper 3/4 covers what

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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In the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath internal oblique splits to enclose what muscle

Rectus abdominis

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Rectus sheath of lower 1/4 anterior wall aponeurosis covers what

External oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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Rectus sheath lower 1/4 posterior wall aponeurosis

No posterior wall but contains transversalis fascia and arcuate line

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The posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends inferiorly at what

Arcuate line

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What are the contents of the rectus sheath

Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, lower 6 thoracic nerves, superior epigastric vessels, inferior epigastric vessels, posterior intercostal vessels, lymphatics

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The inguinal canal is the oblique passage through

The lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

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The inguinal canal extends from

The deep to superficial inguinal ring

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The inguinal canal is found above

Medial 1/2 of inguinal ligament

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Inguinal canal begins where

Deep inguinal ring

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Inguinal canal ends where

Superficial inguinal ring

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What are the four boundaries in the inguinal canal

Floor, anterior wall, roof and posterior wall

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What is the floor boundary of the inguinal canal

Rolled edge of inguinal ligament supported by lacunae ligament

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Anterior wall of of inguinal canal

Aponeurosis of external oblique and lateral internal oblique

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What is the roof boundary of the inguinal canal

Lower edges of internal oblique and transversus (conjoint tendon medially)

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Posterior wall boundary of inguinal canal

Transversalis fascia laterally and conjoint tendon medially

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Contents of inguinal canal in female

Round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

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Contents in male inguinal canal

Spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

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What is the inguinal ligament

Dense band of inferior most part of external abdominal oblique

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Inguinal ligament acts as a

Flexor retinaculum of hip joint along with iliopubic tract

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What is the iliopubic tract

Thickening of transverse abdomen posteriorly

Inguinal ligament forms the roof of what

Subinguinal space

What are the two types of inguinal hernias

Indirect and direct

Indirect hernia is what compared to inferior epigastric vessels

Lateral

Indirect hernia goes through

Canal and pushes out

Which inguinal hernia most likely to happen

Indirect

Direct hernia goes through what

Wall

Direct hernia is where compared to inferior epigastric vessels

Medial

Indirect hernia congenital or acquired

Congenital

Direct hernia congenital or acquired

Acquired

What is the spermatic cord

The collection of structures that traverse the inguinal canal and pass to and from the testis

What makes up the spermatic fasciae

Internal spermatic, cremasteric, external spermatic fascia

Peritoneum forms what in spermatic cord

Tunica vaginalis

Transversalis fascia turns into what of spermatic cord

Internal spermatic fascia

Internal abdominal oblique muscle becomes what in spermatic cord

Cremaster muscle and fascia

External abdominal oblique muscle becomes what in the spermatic cord

External spermatic fascia

Function of cremaster muscle

Contracts testes

What are the contents in the spermatic cord

Vas deferens, testicular artery, cremasteric artery, artery to vas deferens, pampiniform plexus, testicular vein, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, autonomic nerves (pain), lymphatics and processes vaginalis

Function of pampiniform plexus

Cools blood by pulling heat out for testes

In the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, what splits the abdominal wall to enclose the rectus abdominis

Internal oblique

The lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath begins where

Near a point midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis. Present at the level of the ASIS

What is present at the junction of the upper 3/4 and lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath

Arcuate line

What is the cutaneous nerve supply of of the anterior abdominal wall

Anterior rami of lower six thoracic nerves (T7-T12) and lumbar nerves (L1)

What are the branches of the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic nerves

Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches

What are the branches of the lumbar nerves that innervate the cutaneous anterior abdominal wall

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve

What are the vertical lines of division of the abdomen

Mid clavicular lines (x2)

The mid clavicular lines pass through

The midpoint between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis

The horizontal lines of division in the abdomen are

Subcostal plane, intertubercular plane, trans pyloric plane

Subcostal plane at what vertebrae level

Intertubercular plane at what vertebrae level

Transpyloric plane at what vertebrae level

The transpyloric place crosses through what

Pylorus, neck of pancreas, fundus of gallbladder, end of spinal cord, colic flexures, cisterna chyli

The subcostal plane joins

The owner point of the costal margin on each side (R10)

The intertubercular place joins what

Tubercles on the iliac crest

Transpyloric place is where

Halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic bone

Belly button is where compared to vertebrae

T10

What are the abdominopelvic regions

Upper, middle and lower

The upper regions of the abdominopelvic are

Right and left hypochondrium, epigastric

The middle regions of the abdominopelvic regions consists of what regions

Right and left lumbar, and umbilical

The lower abdominopelvic regions consist of what regions

Right and left iliac, hypogastrium

What is fascia

Masses of connective tissue large enough to be visible to the unaided eye

What is the superficial fascia that is a fatty layer of the abdomen

Campers fascia

What is the membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen

Scarpa’s fascia, colle’s fascia

Camper’s fascia is continuous with

The superficial fat over the rest of the body

Scarpas fascia is present where

Present in the lower 1/3 of the anterior abdominal wall

Colles fascia inferiorly extends into what

The perineum

Name the layers of fascia starting from superficial to deep

Camper, scarpa, investing fascia (3 layers of superficial, intermediate, and deep)

Origin of external abdominal oblique

Lower 8 ribs

Insertion of external abdominal oblique

Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pubic tubercle and iliac crest

Innervation of external abdominal oblique

T7-L1

The inferior margin of the aponeurosis of the external oblique forms what

Inguinal ligament

What forms the superficial inguinal ring

A triangular shaped defect in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

How is the linea alba formed

Fusion of the external oblique aponeurosis

Is the linea alba vascular or avascular

Avascular

Origin of the internal abdominal oblique

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

Insertion of internal abdominal oblique

Lower 3 ribs, xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pectineal line

Innervation of internal abdominal oblique

T7 - L1

Internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis splits to enclose what

Rectus abdominis

Origin of transversus abdominis

Lower six costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3rd of inguinal ligament

Insertion of transversus abdominis

Xiphoid process, linea alba, symphysis pubis, pubic crest, pectineal line

Innervation of transversus abdominis

T6-L1

What forms the conjoint tendon

Lower most fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

The conjoint tendon attaches where

Pubic crest

AKA of conjoint tendon

Inguinal flax

The transversalis fascia is deep to what muscle

Transversus abdominis

The transversalis fascia contains what

Deep inguinal ring

Origin of rectus abdominis

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Insertion of rectus abdominis

5th to 7th costal cartilage and xiphoid process

Innervation of rectus abdominis

T7 - T11

What is present in the rectus abdominis

Three to four tendinous intersections

The lateral margin of the rectus abdominis is called what

Linea semilunaris

The linea semilunaris crosses the costal margin at what number costal cartilage

9th

Origin of pyramidalis

Anterior surface of pubis and pubic symphysis

Insertion of pyramidalis

Linea alba

Nerve supply of pyramidalis

T12

Action of pyramidalis

Tenses the linea alba

Actions of abdominal wall muscles

Rotate/move trunk, depresses the ribs, compress the abdomen, support the viscera

How does the abdominal wall muscles assist in breathing

Relax during inspiration and contract during forced expiration

What occurs when abdominal wall muscles cause diaphragm to be fixed by holding inspired air and closing laryngeal openings

Micturation, defecation and parturition

When the right external oblique is rotating to the left what muscle is synergistic with that muscle

Left internal oblique and will assist

What is the motor pathway nerve supply

Supplies motor to muscles along the way and end up in skin for sensory

Where is the neurovascular plane

Located between the transverse abdominis and internal abdominal oblique

The nerve supply in the abdomen is similar to what was observed with ???

Intercostal nerves in thorax

What supplies the anterior abdominal muscles with blood

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries

The superior and inferior epigastric arteries run where compared to rectal sheath

Posterior

What is another blood supply to the abdominal wall

Deep circumflex iliac artery

Unit Two Abdominal Wall Flashcards

(110 cards)