Unit One Pericardium/Heart Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What is the pericardium
A
Fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
2
Q
The pericardium lies where
A
In the middle of mediastinum
3
Q
The fibrous portion of pericardium is attached to
A
Central tendon of diaphragm
4
Q
The fibrous pericardium is fused to
A
Great vessels adventitia
5
Q
What ligament is attached from fibrous pericardium to sternum
A
Sternopericardial ligament
6
Q
What forms the serous pericardium
A
Parietal layer, pericardial cavity and visceral layer
7
Q
AKA of visceral layer of pericardium
A
Epicardium
8
Q
What is the cells that make up the serous pericardium
A
Simple squamous
9
Q
Function of serous pericardium
A
Secretes lubricating fluid
10
Q
Does the fibrous pericardium stretch when heart is beating
A
No
11
Q
If a vessel in the pericardium explodes/leaks where does it go
A
Pericardial cavity
12
Q
Vessel leaking into pericardial cavity causes pressure and crushes heart and is called
A
Cardiac tamponade
13
Q
What is the ligament from the fibrous pericardium to diaphragm
A
Pericardialphrenic ligament
14
Q
What are the nerves that supply the pericardium
A
Phrenic, sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve
15
Q
What is the main or big supply of nerve to pericardium
A
Phrenic nerve
16
Q
Is vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic
A
Parasympathetic
17
Q
What are the surfaces of the heart
A
Anterior, right pulmonary surface, left pulmonary surface, diaphragmatic, and posterior surface
18
Q
Aka of anterior surface of heart
A
Sternocostal surface
19
Q
Anterior surface of heart contains
A
Right atrium, right auricle, right ventricle, left ventricle
20
Q
Right pulmonary surface of heart contains
A
Right atrium and right auricle
21
Q
Left pulmonary surface of heart contains
A
Left ventricle, left atrium (small part)
22
Q
What surfaces of the heart are directed towards lungs
A
Right and left pulmonary surface
23
Q
Diaphragmatic surface of heart contains
A
Left ventricle (mainly), right ventricle and posterior interventricular sulcus, interventricular septum
24
Q
Posterior surface of heart AKA
A
Base
25
Posterior surface of heart contains
Left atrium (mainly), right atrium (small part), proximal parts of great veins (SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins)
26
What tendon attaches to the diaphragmatic surface of heart
Central tendon
27
Apex of heart found where
Fifth intercostal
28
What are the external sulci of the heart
Coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus
29
What sulcus circles the heart
Coronary sulcus
30
What sulci separates the atria from ventricles
Coronary sulcus
31
What sulci is present on the anterior surface of the heart
Anterior interventricular sulcus
32
What sulci is present on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Posterior interventricular sulcus
33
What artery and vein are in the anterior interventricular sulcus
Great cardiac vein and anterior interventricular artery
34
What artery or vein is in the coronary sulcus
Right coronary artery and coronary sinus
35
What artery and vein is found in the posterior interventricular sulcus
Posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein
36
The right atrium contains what circuit
Pulmonary circuit
37
What are the spaces found in the right atrium
Atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae
38
Atrium proper found where
Auricle area
39
What is the external groove found on the right atrium
Sulcus terminalis cordis
40
Where is the sulcus terminalis cordis
Vertically on side of right atrium on outside of heart
41
What is the internal ridge of the right atrium
Crista terminalis
42
Function of crista terminalis
Separate atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae
43
When you pass the crista terminalis in the right atrium what is present
Pectinate muscle
44
Why is the inside of the right atrium smooth
Allows for better blood flow into the ventricle
45
Is the sulcus terminalis cordis and crista terminalis found in the left atrium
Yes but not as prominent
46
The atrium proper is what directionally compared to crista terminalis
Anterior
47
The atrium proper is derived from
Embryonic primitive atrium
48
What muscle is present in the right atrium
Pectinate muscle
49
AKA of pectinate muscle
Musculi pectinati
50
Sinus of venae cavae is derived from
Sinus venosus
51
What walls are found in the sinus of venae cavae
Smooth and thin walls
52
What opens in the sinus of venae cavae
SVC and IVC
53
Where will you find the fossa ovalis and annulus ovalis
Interatrial septum
54
Annulus ovalis AKA
Limbus fossa ovalis
55
How does fossa ovalis forms
When the pressure in right atrium is less than the pressure in left atrium causing the foramen ovale to close
56
What are the openings in the right atrium
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrioventricular orifice, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein
57
What are the biggest openings in the right atrium
SVC and IVC
58
What drains blood from heart into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
59
Anterior cardiac vein openings are found where in the right atrium
Right under the right auricle
60
SVC drains what into right atrium
Blood from head, neck and upper extremity
61
What is trabeculae carneae
Muscular, irregular structures on the inflow portion of ventricles
62
What muscle is present in the ventricles
Papillary muscles
63
What do papillary muscles look like
Peaks of muscles that extend into the chamber
64
Papillary muscles tether to what
Chordae tendineae
65
Chordae tendineae attach to what
Cusps
66
Infundubulum AKA
Conus arteriosus
67
What is the conus arteriosus
Smooth walls of the outflow tract in the ventricles that help with smooth blood flow
68
Infundibulum derived from
Embryonic bulbus cordis
69
Where is the tricuspid valve located
Right atrioventricular orifice
70
What part of valve attaches to chordae tendineae
Apex of cusp
71
Pulmonary valve contains what
Three semilunar cusps
72
What are the valves in the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve
73
Tricuspid valve is made up of
Anterior cusp, septal cusp and posterior cusp
74
What forms the base of the heart
Left atrium
75
What is not present on the left atrium
Sulcus terminalis cordis and crista terminalis
76
The posterior part of the left atrium contains
Smooths walls
77
The left atrium receives blood from
Pulmonary veins
78
The anterior part of the left atrium contains
Musculi pectinati (ridges)
79
Is the right ventricle or left ventricle thicker
Left due to being part of the systemic circuit
80
What valves are present in the left ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve and aortic valve
81
What is the aortic vestibule in the left ventricle
Smooth outflow tract near the aorta
82
What in the left ventricle is derived from the embryonic bulbus cordis
Aortic vestibule
83
The pulmonary cusp has how many cusps and called
3, left, anterior and right
84
The aortic valve has how many cusps and called what
Three, left, right and posterior cusp
85
Backflow of cusp of aortic valve goes where
Coronary artery to supply blood to heart
86
What are the coronary arteries
Right and left
87
What are the branches of the right coronary artery
Atrial branch, right marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch
88
Posterior interventricular branch AKA
Posterior descending artery
89
The coronary arteries supply blood where
To heart
90
The heart receives most of its blood supply from what artery
Right coronary artery
91
What are the branches of the left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch
92
Anterior interventricular branch AKA
Left anterior descending artery
93
The anterior interventricular branch supplies blood particularly to what
Left ventricle
94
What are the two main venous drainage of heart
Anterior cardiac veins and coronary sinus
95
The anterior cardiac veins drain into what
Right atrium
96
The coronary sinus is divided into
Great, middle, small cardiac vein and posterior cardiac vein
97
The coronary sinus is found where
Between left atrium and left ventricle
98
What vein reins with posterior ventricular artery
Posterior cardiac vein
99
Aka of middle cardiac vein
Posterior interventricular vein
100
Small cardiac vein runs with artery
Right coronary artery
101
The cardiac conduction system consists of
Sinuatrial node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches (His) and purkinje fibers
102
Where is the SA node found
SVC entrance into atria
103
Where is AV node found
Border between right atrium and right ventricle
104
Function of AV node
Initiate ventricle contraction
105
What makes the SA node work constantly
Slow continuous flow of sodium slowly depolarizing inside of cell to threshold which is lower than most cells
106
Purpose of cardiac skeleton
Make sure the signal from AV node to bundle does not come back and makes its way to ventricles. Insulator
107
The pulmonary trunk forms the
Right and left pulmonary artery
108
The pulmonary trunk contains what that attaches to aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
109
The ligamentum arteriosum is derived from
Ductus arteriosum
110
Function of ductus arteriosum
Shunt blood from pulmonary trunk to aortic arch to bypass lungs
111
Where does ascending aorta begin
T4-T5
112
Where does ascending aorta end
Sternal angle
113
What are the branches of the ascending aorta
Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian artery
