Unit One Test Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Respiration
A
is the exchange of blood gases, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The process is in three strategies: Ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion.
2
Q
Ventilation
A
The mechanical movement of gases in and out of the lungs
3
Q
Diffusion
A
movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood stream onto the red blood cells.
4
Q
Perfusion
A
the distribution of the red blood cells (RBC) throughout the body.
5
Q
Adult Rate
A
10-14
6
Q
Newborn Rate (under 6 months)
A
30-60
7
Q
Infant Rate (6 months- 1 yr)
A
30
8
Q
Toddler Rate (1-2 years)
A
25-32
9
Q
Child Rate (3-12 years)
A
20
10
Q
Older Adult
A
16-25
11
Q
Respiration Procedure:
A
- Hand hygiene
- make sure they are resting for at least 5-10 min
- place in comfortable position either supine or sitting
- draw curtian
- place arm of patient over chest or abdomen to make observation easier
- Observe cycle of respirations, inspiation/expiration
- if regular, count for 30 seconds, if irregular, count for 60 seconds
- Note depth as shallow, expected or deep
- Note rhythm as regular or irregular
- Replace gown and linens
- Hand hygiene
12
Q
Pulse
A
The peripheral pulses are the best way to determine if the cardiovascular system is working properly.
13
Q
Radial Pulse Procedure
A
- wash hands
- introduce and tell what you are doing
- put into sitting or supine, place hand on their thigh, abdomen or chest.
- locate the radial pulse
- apply enough pulse to stop the pulse, then let go to feel the stength
- if regular, count for 30 seconds
- if irregular, count for 1 minute, compare bilaterally (both sides)
14
Q
Stength Pulse Scale
A
4+- bounding (very strong) 3+- Strong (cardiovascular system working hard) 2+- expected 1+- diminished or barley palpable 0- absent
15
Q
Aortic Valve
A
2nd rib space, right side
16
Q
Pulmonary Valve
A
2nd rib space, left side
17
Q
Tricuspid Valve
A
4th rib space, left side
18
Q
Mitral Valve
A
5th rib space, left side, midclavicular line
19
Q
APT-M 2245
A
Aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral
20
Q
One step BP
A
one step blood pressure requires us to pick an arbitrary number to pump up to.
21
Q
Limitations to One step BP
A
- dangerous
- uncomfortable
- loud environments
22
Q
2 step method (BP)
A
gives you two tries …
- palpation- feeling
- auscultation- hearing
23
Q
2 step BP procedure
A
- hand hygiene and introduce
- arm goes on bed or table
- palpate the brachial artery
- place cuff 1-2 inches above the elbow joint
- palpate radial artery and pump up cuff
- Feel for when radial pulse stops (systolic pressure)
- slowly let out the pressure until you feel it again (diastolic pressure)
- wait 30 seconds (record results)
- 2nd Step: auscultation, place stethiscope over brachial artery.
- pump cuff 30mmHg above your stystolic pressure from the palpation.
- follow same listening steps
- Record BP
24
Q
Hyperthermia
A
Hyperthermia is a condition where body temperature rises above normal body temperature, which is 37°C.
25
Hypothermia
Hypothermia is a condition where body temperature is losing heat faster than it can produce heat. This results in low temperature, and it occurs when it is dropped below 35°C. This often occurs when people have not dressed appropriately while in extreme weather conditions.
26
Signs and symptoms of Hyperthermia
Some signs and symptoms of hyperthermia include dizziness, fatigue, nausea, weakness, headaches, sweating and muscle cramps. In extreme cases, a seizure may occur which can lead to brain damage and a coma.
27
Signs and Symptoms of Hypothermia
Some signs and symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, slurred speech, confusion, low energy, weak pulse and lack of coordination. The symptoms for this condition often occur gradually, making it difficult for people to realize that they are experiencing it.
28
How does age affect temperature?
As people get older, it becomes more difficult for their body to control its temperature. This is simply because when there is less fat below the skin, it’s harder for the body to stay warm.
29
How does exercise affect temperature?
When people exercise, their muscles begin to warm up and sweat starts to form. This is because heat is created with energy and movement. When this happens, extra blood will flow to the skin so that the sweat can help cool things down. Also, during physical activity your muscles with combine with oxygen and ATP to make more energy, which creates heat. This extra heat will raise body temperature. so the hypothalamus in the brain will be signaled by temperature sensors that it needs to be lowered.
30
How does gender affect temperature?
Although the human body is generally 37°C, some studies show that females generally have a higher core body temperature than men, just by a few degrees. However, men usually possess more muscle mass than women, generating heat. This may be why some woman will feel colder than men do while in a room with the same temperature.
31
How does environmental temp affect temperature?
Environmental temperature is where the body is unable to maintain a constant temperature where either heat production or loss is increased. It involves humidity, temperature and wind speed. Overall, when the temperature of the environment is lower, our body temperature will also lower. When the temperature is higher, our body temperature will rise.
32
Daily variation of temperature...
0.5°C is the daily variation in temperature within the body. In most cases, our bodies will be cooler in the morning and get warmer as the day goes on. There are many factors that can be involved with a daily variation including environmental temperature, sickness, and any exercise.
33
Raising temperature
```
exercise
attempt to gain weight if very thin
Consume hot, sweet liquids
Continue to move
Put on layers of clothing (hat, scarf, mitts)
Warm up with a blanket
```
34
Lowering temperature
```
drink lots of water
Avoid coffee
Wear light clothing and avoid layers
Put a damp, cool, cloth on the forehead
Get some rest
```
35
Patient-Centered Care
.
36
Irregular Pulse
Known as an arrhythmia- occurs when a heartbeat is out of normal rhythm.
37
Thready Pulse
a scarcely perceptible and commonly rapid pulse that feels like a fine mobile thread under a palpating finger
38
Tachycardia
abnormally rapid heartbeat
39
Causes of Tachycardia
- hypertension
- poor blood supply to heart muscles
- heart failure
- heart valve disease
- tumors
- infections
40
Bradycardia
abnormally slow heart action
