Unit Three Test

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a process that guides behavior toward a goal, and despites once the goal is reached

Question 2

Intrinsic Rewards

Answer 2

rewards that are inherent in an activity ex) pride in a job well done, fun of a sport

Question 3

Extrinsic Rewards

Answer 3

rewards that are external to a task ex) money,praise

Question 4

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Answer 4

the brake pedal. If it is electrically stimulated, eating and drinking are suppressed. If it is destroyed, rats overeat

Question 5

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 5

the gas pedal. If it is electrically stimulated rates will overeat and become grossly overweight. If it is destroyed, rat eat and drink very little

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

simple sugar that enters the blood during digestion

Question 7

Insulin

Answer 7

hormone secreted by pancreas that assists with transfer of glucose from the blood into cells

Question 8

Leptin

Answer 8

a hormone secreted from well-nourished fat cells that increases metabolism and decreases eating

Question 9

Gherlin

Answer 9

a hormone released by the gastontesinal system when the stomach is empty

Question 10

Oreins

Answer 10

hormone also involved with sleep that leads to increased appetite

Question 11

Satiety

Answer 11

feeling full. We feel full long before nutrients their destination

Question 12

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 12

hormone released by the digestive system due to food ingestion

Question 13

Bisphenol A (BPA)

Answer 13

a compound used to make plastics and epoxy resin

Question 14

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 14

eating disorder characterized by binge eating then purging by vomiting or use of laxatives

Question 15

Oxytocin

Answer 15

hormone that facilitates bonding (expressed more by females)

Question 16

Vasopressin

Answer 16

hormone that facilitates bonding primarily in males. Released during orgasm

Question 17

Sexual Orientation

Answer 17

stable pattern of attraction to a particular sex (behavior not implied)

Question 18

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Answer 18

results in excessive release of male hormones before birth

Question 19

Emotion

Answer 19

automatic responses to situations

Question 20

Right Hemisphere

Answer 20

process negative emotion, and processes emotion faster and more accurately than the left

Question 21

Left Hemisphere

Answer 21

processes positive emotions

Question 22

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 22

ability to perceive and understand emotions in others

Question 23

James-Lange Theory

Answer 23

states that a stimulus leads to a physiological response. We then interpret the physiological response as an emotion

Question 24

Catharsis

Answer 24

the idea that expressing an emotion can help ‘let out’ that emotion thus reducing it

Question 25

Cannon-Board Theory of Emotion

Answer 25

Physical sensations and subjects feelings occur simultaneously and independently

Question 26

Instincts

Answer 26

stereotyped behaviors that occur in all members of a species without practice

Question 27

Fixed Action Patterns

Answer 27

sequence of instinctive behaviors that once started continues to completion

Question 28

Hibiuatiation

Answer 28

decreased responding to a stimulus presented repeatedly

Question 29

Sensitization

Answer 29

increased responding to a stimulus, that can also generalize to other stimuli

Question 30

Classical Conditioning (aka favlovian conditioning)

Answer 30

learning process that occurs when a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with a biologically relevant stimulus

Question 31

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 31

elitis on unconditioned response without prior training. automatic, reflexive response to biologically important things

Question 32

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 32

elicited by unconditional stimulus. Does not require learning and is usually important to survival/reproduction

Question 33

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 33

a previously, neutral stimulus that comes to evoke a response after it becomes associated with the U.S. (learning required)

Question 34

Conditioned Response

Answer 34

elicited by conditioned stimulus after a number of pairings of CS and US. Requires learning

Question 35

Acquisition

Answer 35

the process of obtaining a conditioned (flavolian) response through repeated pairings of a CS with a US

Question 36

Contiquity

Answer 36

how close in time or space two events happen

Question 37

Systematic desensitization

Answer 37

a treatment for feared stimuli, where the stimulus is imagined or encountered while performing relaxation exercise

Question 38

Operant Conditioning

Answer 38

the strength of a behavior increases or decreases depending on its consequences

Question 39

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 39

something is added, and behavior is strengthened

Question 40

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 40

something is removed, and behavior is strengthened

Question 41

Postitive Punishment

Answer 41

something is added, and behavior is weakened

Question 42

Negative Punishment

Answer 42

something is removed and behavior is weakened

Question 43

Primary Reinforces or Punishes

Answer 43

things that an individual naturally likes or dislikes, without learning

Question 44

Secondary Reinforcers or Punishes

Answer 44

things we come to like or dislike because they've become associated with primary reinforces or punishes

Question 45

Premack Principle

Answer 45

individuals naturally prefer certain activities/things over others

Question 46

Interval Schedule

Answer 46

a behavior is reinforced every time is occurs

Question 47

Partial Reinforcement

Answer 47

reinforcement happens sometimes this behavior occurs, but not all times

Question 48

Ratio Schedules

Answer 48

reinforcement occurs every 'X' time on average the behavior occurs

Question 49

Fixed Interval Schedules (FR)

Answer 49

reinforcement occurs every 'X' time the behavior occurs on average

Question 50

Chaining

Answer 50

putting together groups of already-shaped behaviors can lead to long sequences of behavior

Question 51

Latent

Answer 51

learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcent

Question 52

Instinctive Drift

Answer 52

when an organism reverts to 'inactive behaviors' over learned behaviors

Question 53

Observational Learning

Answer 53

learning by watching others