Unit Two Test Flashcards
What are the phases of the Industrial Revolution? Provide some examples of the products/advancements of each phase?
Phase 1 - Cheap/Better clothes, Cheap/Better metals and faster travel, trains.
Phase 2 - Transatlantic Cable, Telegraph, Pharmaceuticals
What were Charles Darwin’s beliefs?
Survival of the fittest. Darwin believed that competition among different organisms and their struggle with the environment were fundamental and unavoidable facts of life and individuals who were better adapted to their environment survived, whereas the weak perished. This produced a “natural selection,” or the favoring of certain adaptive traits over time, leading to a gradual evolution of different species.
What is Social Darwinism?
Herbert Spencer believed the best people; the best ideas and the best nations should compete. And this competition will create perfection. In that perfection will create happiness. Countries compete through economics and countries compete through warfare. And he says All of those are part of this concept of the society that is best fit to survive is anti-philanthropist and anti-government meddling.
What is Capitalism and who is associated with the theory?
Adam Smith is the, the real theorist behind capitalism. his idea is for laissez- faire, which is very little government control. Government would have a role in helping with some aspects such as maybe the policing and protecting the country from foreign threats. People are free to conduct business. He believes in the invisible hand of markets. He says that markets will naturally, naturally correct themselves. He says that essentially those good businesses will thrive.
What factors attributed to the industrialization in England first?
England has an energy source, large deposits of easily accessible coal. It’s close to the ground with their current level of technology, they can get to it. They also have enclosed land, PRIVATE PROPERTY
What are some negative side effects of textile production?
The continuation of slavery and the creation of new or larger machines killed off the cotton industries
What social issues arise because of Industrialization?
Insufficient amounts of police, which lead to criminality, poor water supplies, Prostitution, violence, the risk of disease, poor sanitary conditions, in need of schools and unemployment,
What is class consciousness?
Class consciousness has a lot to do with common experiences, shared experiences Shared experience similar to all of us going thru COVID
What is the Cult of Domesticity?
It is legalized inequality. The “separate sphere”. Middle-class identity—neither aristocratic nor working-class values. The “angel in the house”
What are gender spheres?
“Separate sphere”; Women were supposed to live in subordination to men, boys educated in secondary schools, girls educated at home, the idea of legal inequality between men and women
What roles do Middle Class women play in society?
(In and out of the house) is the moral education of the children. Keeping the household functioning. Outside roles include helping charities
What are some of the Victorian views on sex?
It should be passionless; women are not supposed to enjoy sex. The goal is to produce children. Women are morally superior; immorality was an accepted thing for males
What are the types of Imperialism?
Direct rule is when you annex territories and then use your armies to subjugate the inhabitants, to force them, essentially at gunpoint, to do the things that you want them to do. Indirect through indirect rule Governing it through local leaders. formal and informal imperialism maintained its sovereignty, or a little bit of its sovereignty. Essentially, if you follow the certain roles is as long as you provide these taxes, are these resources, then we will let you govern yours Like the USA
How does England rule India and what role did the British East India Company play in this?
Informal imperialism the company ruled India for a long period of time in the mid 19th century
What was the Sepoy Mutiny?
An uprising that began near Delhi, when the military disciplined a regiment of Indian soldiers employed by the British for refusing to use rifle cartridges greased with pork fat. Rebels attacked law courts and burned tax rolls, protesting debt and corruption. The mutiny spread through large areas of northwest. India before being violently suppressed by British troops.
How do the Europeans colonize China?
They established missionary outposts, send missionaries into China. The British also used opium to hook large segments of the Chinese population into addiction
What are the Opium Wars and what is their outcome?
Chinese decided that they wanted to be released of from under the yoke of opium addiction. And the First Opium War between 1839-1842. That war ends with the Treaty of Nanking, part of the Treaty of Nanking, England will have access to Hong Kong for forever as long as they wanted. And that gives them a permanent port that is in there. control off the coast
What is the Boxer Rebellion? How is it put down?
In the Boxer Rebellion. The boxers are a secret society of individuals trained in martial arts. They call themselves the righteous fists. They want everybody gone and they want the missionaries expelled. Freedom is that the powers of Europe realize this, and they are forced to work together.
What is the “Great Game?”
The great game is all about eastward expansion. If the world was a game board, every piece that you took, every empire piece of an empire that you’ve grabbed. It’s something someone else lost. The goal is to grab as much as you can.
What are the outcomes of The Russo-Japanese War?
The entire Russian fleet, it’s sunk and Russia is humiliated after miscalculating that Japan had modernized.
What is the Scramble for Africa?
The colonial powers are out after territory. they want is Africa. Africa is rich and resources
How does Racial Thought affect Imperialism?
Arthur De Gatineau (1816 -1862) he wrote a book called The inequality of races. to divide the world up into essentially three colors. Black, white, and yellow. whiter your blood, the purer your blood, the more superior you are.
What is the White Man’s Burden?
It was their belief white people especially the white man was superior mankind and it was his responsibility to take care of what he believe was savages and mentally inferior women.
What are the causes of WWI and be able to explain how they are connected with the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
M.A.I.N. militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism. Ferdinand was assassinated and there was a war proclamation because Austria and Serbia are mad at each other which caused a world war then they engaged all their secret alliances.
