unit3 Flashcards

Question

Myositis

Answer 1

The term myositis is also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy Myositis is defined as inflammation of the skeletal muscles due to injury, infection, or autoimmune diseases

Answer 2

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition involving increased pressure in a muscle compartment of the body that can lead to nerve and muscle damage, and limb amputation

Answer 3

mainly affects your lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

Answer 4

a general term for age-related wear and tear affecting the spinal disks in your neck. As the disks dehydrate and shrink, signs of osteoarthritis develop, including bony projections along the edges of bones (bone spurs).

Answer 5

affects blood vessels in the arms and legs. Blood vessels swell, which can prevent blood flow, causing clots to form. This can lead to pain, tissue damage, and even gangrene (the death or decay of body tissues).1 In some cases, amputation may be required

Answer 6

It is caused by abnormal stress on the volar plate, the ligament around the middle joint of the finger (PIP joint). The resulting shape looks similar to a swan's neck, which is how the condition got its name.

Answer 7

some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress.

Answer 8

Softening of bone due to loss of calcium is referred to as osteomalacia, which is sometimes called the adult form of rickets, a childhood condition It may be associated with severe renal disease, and incidence is high among the elderly In vitamin D deficiency, bone cannot calcify normally, resulting in rickets, which causes bowed legs, “knock-knees”, etc.

Answer 9

A sprain is defined as a traumatic injury to a joint, sometimes with partial or complete tearing of ligaments Grades of a sprain include: 1 – slight stretching and damage 2 – partial ligament tearing 3 – complete ligament tearing A strain is defined as an overstretching of a muscle/tendon that causes injury – they are less serious than sprains Grades of a strain include: 1 – damage to less than 5% of muscle fibers 2 – more extensive damage but not a complete rupture 3 – complete rupture of a muscle

Answer 10

Pneumothorax is a collection of air in the pleural cavity that often results in partial or complete lung collapse on the affected side Symptoms include sudden, severe chest pain, severe dyspnea, shock, shallow respirations, sucking breath sounds, and a shift of the mediastinum to that side – this is a medical emergency

Answer 11

Also known as osteitis deformans, Paget’s disease affects bone formation It is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an overgrowth of new bone that occurs more quickly than the breakdown of old bone The new bone is much weaker, and the condition primarily affects the pelvis and long leg bones in patients over age 40

Answer 12

an inflammation of the bone and adjacent marrow cavity due to infection from a wound or other infection It usually affects the long bones of the legs or arms, often causing limbs to develop shorter than normal Symptoms include chills, high fever, malaise, tenderness, bacteremia, difficulty moving, and swelling

Answer 13

a decrease in bone mass and a porosity of the bone, leading to major orthopedic problems in nearly 1/3 of U.S. women Compression fractures of the spine often affect the height of the patient *Spinal nerve root compression may result in radiating pain, “bloated” feelings, kyphosis, and a Dowager’s hump

Answer 14

Malignant bone cancer of the cartilage Chondrosarcoma affects the cartilage, and is the 2nd most common malignant bone tumor It usually affects males in middle or later life It is slow growing, yet often resists radiation and chemotherapy It can transform into a highly malignant form known as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

Answer 15

A deformity of (usually) the fingers and fingernails usually related to various conditions of the lungs and heart.

Answer 16

an abnormal condition of body fluids characterized by a tendency toward a blood pH level greater than 7.45, as from an excess of alkaline bicarbonate or a deficiency of acid. two major types: respiratory alkalosis: caused by hyperventilation, resulting from an excessive loss of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in plasma. metabolic alkalosis: an abnormal condition characterized by the significant loss of acids in the body or by increased levels of alkalinity.

Answer 17

an abnormal increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the body, resulting from an accumulation of an acid or the loss of a base. two major types: respiratory acidosis: an abnormal condition characterized by a low plasma pH, resulting from reduced alveolar ventilation. metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is caused by other acids accumulating in body fluids or by a loss of bases (including bicarbonate ions)

Answer 18

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when you’re lying down.

Answer 19

Medulla Oblongatat

Answer 20

Osteoblasts – bone-building cells responsible for the formation of the bone matrix Osteoclasts – responsible for resorption of bone, removing the mineral content and organic matrix Osteocytes – mature bone cells actively involved in maintaining the bone matrix

Answer 21

skeletal muscles