UNITS 1 & 2- biodiversity & ecosystems

Question 1

genetic drift

Answer 1

a random change in the frequencies of different versions of a gene (alleles) in a population due to chance events

Question 2

niche

Answer 2

the specific role and position an organism, or a species, plays within its environment and ecosystem

Question 3

specialist species

Answer 3

narrow niche

Question 4

generalist species

Answer 4

broad nice, more adaptable

Question 5

3 symbiotic relationships

Answer 5

mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Question 6

mutualism

Answer 6

both species benefit

Question 7

commensalism

Answer 7

one benefits, one neutral

Question 8

parasitism

Answer 8

one harmed, one benefits

Question 9

littoral zone

Answer 9

freshwater

shallow @ shoreline, abundant sunlight, amphibians

Question 10

limnetic zone

Answer 10

open water, extends to sunlight depth, photosynthesis

freshwater

Question 11

profundal zone

Answer 11

no sunlight, less oxygen

freshswater

Question 12

benthic zone

Answer 12

low temps, low oxygen

freshwater

Question 13

coral bleaching

Answer 13

comes from increase in temps and dissolved oxygen

Question 14

coastal zone

Answer 14

ocean

ocean water closest to land, sunlight & oxygen

Question 15

euphotic zone

Answer 15

ocean

upper lawyers, warmest region and most dissolved oxygen

Question 16

bathyal zone

Answer 16

ocean

middle zone, cold and dark, no photosynthesis

Question 17

abyssal zone

Answer 17

ocean

deepest region, cold, low dissolved oxygen high nutrients

Question 18

upwelling

Answer 18

seasonal movement of water from the cold and nutrient rich bottom to the surface

Question 19

combustion

Answer 19

fossil fuel burning

Question 20

n2

Answer 20

atmospheric nitrogen

Question 21

nitrogen fixation

Answer 21

n2 into ammonia (NH3) or nitrates (N03-)

Question 22

nitrification

Answer 22

ammonia converted into nitrites, nitrates,

Question 23

assimilation

Answer 23

plants absorb ammonium, ammonia, or nitrates

Question 24

ammonification

Answer 24

bacteria converts dead organisms to ammonia or ammonium

Question 25

denitrification

Answer 25

ammonia, nitrites/nitrates, n2, n20 (nitrous oxide), rise to atmosphere

Question 26

net primary productivity

Answer 26

amount of energy that plants pass on to herbivores

Question 27

gross primary productivity

Answer 27

amount of sugar plants produce in photosynthesis

Question 28

detrivores

Answer 28

derive energy from nonliving organic matter (fallen leaves)

Question 29

tertiary consumer

Answer 29

consume secondary consumers

Question 30

species richness

Answer 30

of different species

Question 31

secondary succession

Answer 31

succession where an existing community was cleared (fire, tornado)

Question 32

edge effect

Answer 32

species that live on the edge of habitats