Units 5/6 Flashcards
(53 cards)
Hinduism:
Polytheistic religion dates back over 4000 years; originated in the Indus River Valley of modern-day Pakistan
Buddhism:
Splintered from Hinduism 2500 years ago. The original Buddha was born in present day Nepal. He spent his life in both Nepal and in India.
Buddhist believe that practicing the path to enlightenment is a way to end human suffering. They believe the path to enlightenment is morality, wisdom, and meditation.
Sikhism:
1)Very young religion. Found in the 16th century in the Punjab district of what is now Indian Pakistan. Found by Guru Nanak and is based on his teaching and the nine Sikh Gurus who followed him
it’s a monotheistic religion
Very large number of Sikhs who don’t live in the Punjab area. Rather, they live in the Diaspora, including about half a million or more Sikhs who live in Canada
Christianity:
Church split led to Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches
3 Types of Christian Diffusion:
Relocation Diffusion:
Contagious Diffusion:
Hierarchical Diffusion:
Islam:
1) Founder Muhammad,
Five pillars: Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last in the long line of profits. Since Islam is younger, the other prophets were older. The other prophets were other religions like Budda could have been a prophet, Jesus was a prophet, Moses was a prophet. Muhammad is the youngest of them
2) Sacred text is the Qu’ran (Koran)
3) Shi’ite and Sunni: Two main branches that formed over Muhammad’s succession.
Diffusion of Islam:
1) Kings used armies to spread faith across Arabian Peninsula
it is fastest growing religion
Indigenous and Shamanist Religions:
1) Indigenous religions: First Nations, Native American, Aboriginal, and Animism
2) Local in scope (Ethic)
3) Reverence for nature
Passed down through family units/groups (Tribes)
Shamanism:
1) Community faith
7) In Canada: The Indian act in 1880 was amended to prohibit the organization of healing ceremonies including smudging and sacred cleaning ceremonies, and using medicinal plants
8) Modern Sharman see themselves as facilitators not so much healers to guide you. They help you with emotional such as anxiety, depression, and mental and physical pain
The rise of secularism:
Anti Religious ideologies can contribute to the decline of organized religions in some countries (Ex. China).
3) When China became a communist country in the late 1940s, one of the first laws set down by Mao Zedong (Leader of the CCP) was that religion be banned. He even said that religion is poison, even Buddhism which guided China.
4) Most states now allow religions. Even China allows religion.
5) Church membership figures do not accurately reflect active participation: People could be a member of the Church(i.e. I’ve been a member of a Church but I haven’t gone there in three years). It’s common in some parts of Western world.
Sacred sites:
1) Something that is very holy such as sacred ground, place, and temple. Something that deems to be very sacred.
2) It is infused and loaded with religious meanings (ie Jerusalem: Dome of the rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque).
3) The Vatican is also a sacred pilgrimage site. Its self-evident could be something like a religious shrine or a Church or a Cathedral
Renewalism (Christianity)
1) Fastest growing branch within Christianity.
2) Constitutes a very large group of Christians. Not many as Catholics but the second most. One number is Catholicism and number two is Renewalism.
3) Renewalists have competently transcended linguistic and cultural barriers. They translated the Bibles into local languages such as Africa.
4) Says that anyone belongs. Doesn’t matter if you’re rich or poor, male or female, any gender and sexuality, you belong. It’s also very accessible to women.
5) It’s healing. Renewalism is a really big thing about personal healing: Everyone will get better if they come here.
6) One of the things about Renewalism is that they often hold their services in mega Churches, Churches with thousands of members and big congregations, almost like arenas or stadiums
Religious violence
.
2) Outbreaks of violence between Christians and Muslims in Africa, Sudan, South Sudan, even there is a lot of hostility motivated by religious hatred. There’s mob violence, terrorism, harassment of women, kicking girls out of school. There’s mob violence, terrorism, harassment of women, kicking girls out of school.There’s also people who believe religion has a code of conduct that often attacks people who don’t follow the code of conduct.
3) There’s been a spike of religious violence everywhere and virtually every religious group as well.
example: In India in March 2024, the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s government announced rules to implement the 2019 citizenship law of India which excludes Muslims from citizenship. It’s a law that’s so discriminatory that it leads to conflicts.
Christianity in Africa
3) Christians are young and numerous in Africa. The population of Africa is projected to increase dramatically which means more Christians and European Christians are old and they have two children.
4) Catholicism is growing in Africa in 2023 such as Pope Francis in Africa He doesn’t just talk about religion, he combines religion, politics, and economics merging together. He went to democratic republic of condo. It has over a hundred million people who are Catholic
6) He wanted to go to Africa such as South Sudan because international attention has shifted to places such as the Russian-Ukrainian war. More people died in South Sudan war than people in Russian-Ukrainian
7) More than half of population of RC are Catholic: 6000 priests, 10,000 nuns, and more than 4,000 Sumerians (Men who study priesthood)
Ronald Inglehart
1) Look at how the world is shedding religion. How there is a retreat from religion
2) In the early 21th century in the year 2000 or 1980 or 2007: There was a belief that religion is doing really well in the world. When communism collapsed, there was old people who loved religion, even 9/11/2001, people were like wow we need religion
3) Since 2007, there’s been a big change: The drop of religion. One of the things is that gender and sexual norms are important: When people respect women and there’s gender equality. When the fertility rates are low, there’s less religion.
Diffusion of Hinduism
Spread from the Indus Valley to the Ganges River and then throughout South Asia and into Southeast Asia
Where did Prince Siddhartha Gauama revived enlightenment?
Under the Bodhi tree in Bihar (This large sacred Fig tree located in Bihar).
It still a place where people still pilgrimage to visit
Pilgrimage
Spiritual journey that someone takes on to visit an important religious site
Denomination:
An organized group that is a huge embellishment such as organizations, even Churches in some group in some cities somewhere in the world who have a group of people.
Relocation diffusion
Christian Missionaries moved from city to city bringing the teachings of Christianity to new places
Roman Soldiers as they conquered new lands. The Roman Empire was around 600 BC to 500 AD
Through trade routes across the Western world
Contagious diffusion
As people converted, they spread the teachings from person to person, even with the Printing press
Hierarchal diffusion
1) As leaders of countries were converted, their influence cause their subjects to convert as well
2) European Conquest and Imperialism of the 16th-19th century to places such as North America, Africa, Asia, Etc
3) Colonialism
Accent
Refers to differences in how a language sounds or is spoken
Afro-Asiatic language
A group of over 370 languages that are primarily spoken in North Africa and Southwest Asia
