Units 5 - 8

Question 1

can be thought of as the motivation to change

Answer 1

initiative

Question 2

what clients bring to the counselling relationship that influences how counsellor and client perceive one another; issue of first impression

Answer 2

client qualities

Question 3

requires a specific, limited response, such as yes or no, and often begins with the word is, do, or are

Answer 3

closed-ended question

Question 4

client is simply told what he or she is doing, e.g., being inconsistent

Answer 4

confrontation

Question 5

personal and professional qualities that facilitate a helping relationship

Answer 5

counsellor qualities

Question 6

dumb, unintelligent, and disadvantaged

Answer 6

DUDs

Question 7

a counsellor’s ability to identify with and share the client’s expression of emotions, such as sadness and happiness

Answer 7

empathy

Question 8

the degree to which a counsellor is perceived as knowledgeable and informed about his or her specialty

Answer 8

expertness

Question 9

homely, old, unintelligent, nonverbal, and disadvantage

Answer 9

HOUNDs

Question 10

a disguised form of advice giving

Answer 10

lecturing

Question 11

encourages the client to expand or elaborate; typically begins with what, how, or could

Answer 11

open-ended question

Question 12

a question that usually begins with who, what, where, or how; requires more than a one- or two-word response

Answer 12

probe

Question 13

one who has been referred by a third party and who is frequently unmotivated to seek help

Answer 13

reluctant client

Question 14

unwilling, unready, or opposed to change

Answer 14

resistant client

Question 15

similar to restatement, but deals with both verbal and nonverbal expression

Answer 15

reflection of feelings

Question 16

a simple mirror response that lets the client know that the counsellor is actively listening

Answer 16

restatement

Question 17

acronym for five nonverbal skills involved in initial attending:
Sit squarely,
Open posture,
Lean towards the client, 
Eye contact, 
Relax

Answer 17

SOLER

Question 18

a joint understanding between the counsellor and client regarding the characteristics, conditions, procedures, and parameters of counselling

Answer 18

structure

Question 19

paraphrasing a number of feelings that the client has conveyed

Answer 19

summary of feelings

Question 20

young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, and successful

Answer 20

YAVIS

Question 21

assess general mental ability or stable intellectual capacity for reasoning and applying knowledge

Answer 21

ability tests

Question 22

assess learning, acquired capabilities, or developed skills; often called proficiency tests

Answer 22

achievement tests

Question 23

concerned primarily with prediction of a person’s future performance

Answer 23

aptitude tests

Question 24

a multifaceted and integrated process reflecting various aspects of an individual

Answer 24

assessment

Question 25

a model that specifically describes observable behaviour

Answer 25

behavioural diagnostic model

Question 26

a model that assesses current functioning according to terms of stage- or age-related norms

Answer 26

developmental diagnostic model

Question 27

describes client symptoms and behaviour in terms of their adaptive functions; focuses primarily on levels and stages of present functioning

Answer 27

developmentally-based diagnosis

Question 28

describes specific behaviours in meaningful, illustrative, and individualized language to help in both understanding the concerns to be addressed and helping the client understand self-defeating patterns

Answer 28

functional behavioural labelling

Question 29

an attempt to develop a profile of a person's career interest areas through a series of questions about preferences, jobs, hobbies, etc.

Answer 29

interest inventories

Question 30

tests that do not ensure uniformity of measurement and that tend to be subjective and take a more general and diverse approach to gathering information

Answer 30

nonstandardized measures

Question 31

use of an assessor's eyes, ears, intuition, and all senses to observe carefully what the client is experiencing and communicating

Answer 31

observational assessment

Question 32

designed to gather information on a person's preferences, attitudes, personality patterns, and/or problems

Answer 32

personality inventories

Question 33

minimizes the use of labels; emphasizes externally observable phenomena rather than their underlying nature or origin

Answer 33

phenomenological diagnostic model

Question 34

a test administered verbally or in written form that is useful in (more) accurately determining what a person is thinking and feeling, and to what degree

Answer 34

rating scale

Question 35

reflects not only what clients state overtly but also what they imply or state incompletely

Answer 35

advanced empathy

Question 36

focuses on a client's feelings

Answer 36

affective response

Question 37

focuses on actions

Answer 37

behavioural response

Question 38

covers the same ground or issues repeatedly

Answer 38

circular counselling

Question 39

focuses on the client's thoughts

Answer 39

cognitive response

Question 40

an invitational challenge to the client to examine, modify, or control an aspect of behaviour that is currently nonexistent or improperly used

Answer 40

confrontation

Question 41

the counsellor's projected emotional reaction to or behaviour toward the client

Answer 41

countertransference

Question 42

imagining the performance conditions and/or reflecting on the desired approach of a behaviour

Answer 42

covert rehearsal

Question 43

the counsellor becomes emotionally removed from the client, projecting behaviours such as rejection or hostility

Answer 43

disidentification

Question 44

seeing things in only one way or from only one perspective [

Answer 44

functional fixity

Question 45

involves giving a distinct and unexpected response to a question or situation that requires both sensitivity and timing

Answer 45

humour

Question 46

involves a counsellor's understanding and communication of what is going on between the counsellor and client

Answer 46

immediacy

Question 47

certain deliberate behaviours in which counsellors engage for the benefit of their clients, such as silence, acceptance, paraphrasing, and persuasion

Answer 47

leading

Question 48

avoiding confrontation of the client's behaviour, resulting in the counsellor's being less effective

Answer 48

MUM effect

Question 49

the counsellor loses his or her ability to remain emotionally distant from the client

Answer 49

overidentification

Question 50

the client verbalizes or acts out what he or she is going to do

Answer 50

overt rehearsal

Question 51

communicates a basic understanding of the client's feelings and the experiences and behaviours underlying these feelings

Answer 51

primary empathy

Question 52

changing the client's perceptions in such a way as to offer another probable and positive viewpoint or perspective on a situation

Answer 52

reframing

Question 53

counsellor consciously and intentionally shares information about his or her life outside of the counselling relationship with the client

Answer 53

self-disclosure

Question 54

the client's projection of past or present feelings, attitudes, or desires onto the counsellor

Answer 54

transference

Question 55

client asks for more time at the end of a session and/or more sessions once the counselling goal has been reached

Answer 55

client resistance to termination

Question 56

counsellor ends sessions due to reasons such as illness, need for referral, countertransference issues, etc

Answer 56

counsellor-initiated termination

Question 57

counsellor has difficulty letting go once the counselling relationship has come or should come to an end

Answer 57

counsellor resistance to termination

Question 58

a gradual decrease in the unnatural structures developed to create personal changes

Answer 58

fading

Question 59

client learns effective coping, prevention, and problem-solving strategies, whereby the counselling relationship is no longer needed

Answer 59

generalization

Question 60

client terminates before the agreed-upon time or against the counsellor's recommendation

Answer 60

premature termination

Question 61

re-examining all phases of the therapeutic process to determine whether there may be improperly defined goals or an inappropriate strategy in place

Answer 61

recycling

Question 62

the decision to stop counselling; often associated with loss, because it signals that something is finished [

Answer 62

termination