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Universe Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

How did the Origin of the Universe started?

A

Biblical Creation

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2
Q

Who made the Big Bang Theory?

A

Alexander Friedman and Georges Lemaître

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3
Q

All matter and energy in the universe are crammed in a tiny compact called _________.

A

“singularity”

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4
Q

Considered as the most accepted theory.

A

Big Bang Theory

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5
Q

also know as the ______ era and as the earliest known period of the Universe.

A

Planck

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6
Q

The universe expanded from the size of an atomic nucleus to 1035 meters in width.

A

Inflationary Era 10^-36 to 10^32

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7
Q

What are the energy or charged particles that are present in the formation of early universe? clue. 4 items

A

quarks, electrons, protons, and neutrons.

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8
Q

protons and neutrons combined to form __________________ clue. starts with letter h (1st word) and letter n (2nd word)

A

hydrogennuclei

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9
Q

Pairs of Hydrogen nuclei form helium nuclei, this process is called ___________.

A

Nucleosynthesis

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10
Q

What year was Radiation Era?

A

10,000 years

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11
Q

Energy was in the form of _______ (wavelengths)

A

Radiation

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12
Q

Electrons joined with hydrogen and helium nuclei to make small neutral atoms.

A

Matter Domination

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13
Q

Gained enough mass to ignite and produce light. clue. slightly irreg areas of gas cloud and sun was created during this period.

A

Birth of Stars and Galaxies (300 million years)

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14
Q

Define the Four Fundamental Forces

A

Strong nuclear force – Force that binds nucleus.
Electromagnetic force – can be attractive or repulsive.
Weak nuclear force – short ranged force present in radioactive energy.
Gravitational force – attractive force that binds the solar system.

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15
Q

CMB is speculated by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson to be a _________ energy

A

Remnant

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16
Q

What are the evidences of Hubble’s Law?

A

Raisin Dough and Red/Doppler shift

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17
Q

The universe’s appearance is homogenous. What and whose theory is this?

A

Bondi, Gold, and Hoyle 1948, Steady State Theory

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18
Q

BBT states there should be curvature

A

FLATNESS

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19
Q

BBT predicts the production of magnetic poles.

A

MONOPOLE

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20
Q

BBT states that space in opposite directions are so far apart they could never have contact with each other.

A

HORIZON

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21
Q

Slighshot Maneuver means _______.

A

Stability

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22
Q

Is a term for a clump for galaxies

A

Super clusters

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23
Q

Geocentric is founded by ________

A

Eudoxus

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24
Q

Known planets - Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter and the Sun orbit Earth clue. “geo”

A

Geocentric

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25
Founded by Nicholas Copernicus
Heliocentric
26
The planets including the Earth revolves around the SUN.
Heliocentric
27
Solar system was formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits because of a whirlpool-like motion of the solar-system.
Descartes’ Vortex Theory
28
Planets were formed by the collision of the sun with a giant comet.
Buffon's Collision Theory
29
Suggested that planets were formed from substances of the sun. As a speeding massive star passed near the sun, it pulled of material due to the gravitational attraction. The tor-off material became the planets.
Jean-Jeffrey's Tidal Theory
30
The great cloud and dust nebula collapses because of gravitational pull and contracts as it spins becoming a pancake-shaped object with a bulge at the center.
Kant-Laplace Nebular Theory
31
Steps of the KL Theory:
Collapse, Spinning, Flattening, Condensation, Accretion
32
The sun’s energy comes from _______ fusion (hydrogen turns helium) within its core.
nuclear
33
Does the moon produce a light?
No, its light is ONLY from the reflection of the Sun
34
Primarily composed of roughly equal numbers of protons/electrons, as well as a few heavier ions.
Solar Winds
35
Aurora Borealis is also known as __________
Northern Lights
36
Aurora Australis is also known as __________
Southern Lights
37
2 Groups of planets: __________ and ________
Jovian and Terrestrial
38
Jovian planets are made up of ________, ___________, ________, ________.
Hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia.
39
Composed of "earth-like materials"
Terrestrial
40
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all ______ planets.
Terrestrial
41
TRUE OR FALSE: Uranus is part of Jovian Planets
TRUE
42
Why do the planets stay in place?
The force of gravity combined with the tendency of a planet to remain in straight-line motion would result in a planet having an elliptical orbit.
43
Name the 5 Dwarf Planets
Eris, Pluto, Ceres, Makemake and Haumea
44
Came from small rock materials from bigger planets and its "star-like"
Asteroids
45
Auroras are solar flares. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
46
What's the meaning of the acronym NEAR?
Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
47
Meteoroids floats in space. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
48
Burning rocks in the atmosphere
Meteors
49
Not completely burnt meteors that landed on earth.
Meteorites
50
Numerous meteors visible in the atmosphere.
Meteor Showers
51
Meteoroids > Earth > Meteors > Meteorites > Meteor Showers Is this correct?
YES
52
Short-period (200yrs to complete an orbit and Long-period (Thousands of years to complete an orbit)
Comets
53
How old is Earth?
4.543 billion years or approximately 4.6 billion y/o
54
Major assumption in geology events in the past occurred the same way that they are occurring today.
Uniformitarianism
55
Deposition, Weather/Erosion, Volcanism, Plate Tectonics are examples of Uniformitarianism. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
56
Know the order of events, but not the dates.
Relative
57
All land is distributed horizontally.
Horizontally
58
youngest on top; oldest on bottom.
Superposition
59
Any rock intrusion that cuts across rocks is younger than the rock that is cut.
Crosscutting relationships
60
Objects enclosed in a rock must be OLDER than the time of rock formation.
Inclusion
61
Know the dates
Absolute
62
Half-lives of radioisotopes vary depending upon the isotope.
Radiometric
63
TRUE OR FALSE: True fossils are animals/plants.
TRUE
64
Imprints of a living thing in a rock
Mold Fossils
65
The sediments of the soil enters the body.
Cast Fossil
66
Imprints. Footprints, burrows of lives.
Trace Fossils
67
No trace of life (except the Blue-Green algae which produced oxygen).
Pre-Cambrian
68
The mantle of the earth was very hot and the metors were continually bombarding the earth
Hadean Era
69
Cooling down the earth’s surface and evolving of the blue-green algae and oxygen
Archean Era
70
Starting of life
Protozoic Era
71
Life started in the water and Invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, then reptiles
Paleozoic Era: Ancient Life
72
Gondwana was ________ hemisphere
Southern
73
Laurasia was _______ hemisphere
Northern
74
d. Gondwana and Laurasia moved together and became ________
"Pangea"
75
Land animals and plants were created and primitive animals cannot be seen today due to the massive extinction.
Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes
76
Age of reptiles and Dinosaurs, Breakup of Pangea to form the continents, The plants had seed-bearing plants such as gymnosperm, Repti
Mesozoic Era
77
Age of reptiles and Dinosaurs, Breakup of Pangea to form the continents, The plants had seed-bearing plants such as gymnosperm, Repti
Mesozoic Era
78
a. Age of Mammals and Homo Sapiens b. Early humans c. 2 parts: Tertiary & Quarternary period d. Angiosperms replaced gymnosperms e. Deciduous trees f. Animals became marsupials (born alive) (proof: Kangaroos)
Cenozoic: New/Recent Life
79
Compromises the solid Earth and includes both the Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.
- Lithospheres/Geospheres
80
Compromises the solid Earth and includes both the Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.
Lithospheres/Geospheres
81
Compromises the solid Earth and includes both the Earth’s surface and the various layers of the Earth’s interior.
Lithospheres/Geospheres
82
Gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and constitutes the transition between it and the vacuum of space.
Atmosphere
83
What are the 3 systems of Energy Transfer?
Isolated System, Closed System and Open System (hydro, atmos, geo and bio)
84
TRUE OR FALSE: Earth is a closed system but open to subsystems.
TRUE
85
"outermost layer" -boundary of earth from space. -600km in thickness from its base. -Satellites are located here.
Exosphere
86
"hottest layer" - Ionosphere "charged particles " - North/Southern lights - the temp increases
Thermosphere
87
"middle and coldest sphere" - the temp decreases - meteors burn up in this layer - mesopause: outer boundary of ______
Mesosphere
88
The outer boundary of Mesosphere
Mesopause
89
"ozone layer" - the temp increases - contains ozonesphere - where airplanes fly - stratopause: outer boundary of _______
Stratosphere
90
Outer boundary of Stratosphere
Stratopause
91
"nearest layer" - what we, humans, can see - most abundant layer of the atmosphere - SMOG - tropopause: outer boundary of _______
91
"nearest layer" - what we, humans, can see - most abundant layer of the atmosphere - SMOG - tropopause: outer boundary of _______
Troposphere
92
Outer boundary of Troposphere
Tropopause
93
Only substance that exists in the atmosphere as a solid (ice), liquid (liquid water) and gas (water vapor)
Hydrosphere
94
Melting Freezing Evaporation Condensation Sublimation Deposition
Solid to Liquid, Liquid to Solid, Liquid to Gas, Gas to Liquid, Solid to Gas, Gas to Solid
95
Scientific term of Rain
Precipitation
96
TRUE OR FALSE: 96% of of the Earth’s water is not usable because it is saltwater.
TRUE
97
known as "wind patterns"
Moonsoon
98
North East Monsoon is called
Amihan
99
Southern west Monsoon is called
Habagat
100
"dry season"
El Nino
101
- weather radar
Color Codings
102
The reflected signal (echo) and displayed on a TV monitor
Echosignals
103
The echo is ______ when the precipitation is more intense.
"brighter"
104
Looks at the WIND DIVERGENCE, not with heavy rainfall.
Low Pressure Area
105
- Atlantic Ocean - Coriolis Effects
Hurricane
106
Acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.
 Coriolis Effects
107
Pacific Ocean
Typhoon
108
Indian Ocean
Cyclone
109
after a storm in 1911 that outpoured 46in of rain in Baguio City (Ondoy – 18in, Yolanda – 16in.
Bagyo
110
TRUE OR FALSE: 20th century storms are named after people, female names.
TRUE
111
TRUE OR FALSE: 1963 – PAGASA Filipino names; in Alphabetical order. (A-Z)TR
TRUE
112
Lightning heats the surrounding air as much as 50k Fahrenheit. When the air is heated, it expands tremendously thus creating a boom.
Lighting Formation
113
Happens when warm air rises and the cold air goes down. Therefore, both airs meet and create a VORTEX.
Tornado
114
A high spinning wind. 16-32kph. Could reach to 400kph.
Vortex
115
One hypothesis is that tornadic waterspouts sometimes pick up creatures such as fish/frogs and carry them up to several miles, and make them rain.
Raining Fishes

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