Unmentioned Names and Concepts

Question 1

Dorthea dix

Answer 1

orothea Dix was an American activist who worked to improve the treatment of people with mental illness in the 19th century.

Question 2

G. stanley hall

Answer 2

who played a major role in establishing the field of psychology in the US

Question 3

roger sperry

Answer 3

Sperry conducted a series of experiments on split-brain patients
+ Sperry discovered that information presented to one hemisphere of the brain could not be accessed by the other hemisphere. This led to a deeper understanding of the ways in which the brain processes and integrates information.

Question 4

Micheal Gazzaniga

Answer 4

His research has shown that the brain is capable of reorganizing itself in response to changes in the environment, and that this ability can be enhanced through learning and practice.

Question 5

gustav fechner

Answer 5

who is known for his work on the relationship between physical stimuli and subjective perceptions, which laid the foundation for the field of psychophysics.

+Fechner developed a mathematical model that quantified the relationship between physical stimuli, such as light or sound, and the resulting perceptual experiences

Question 6

torsten wiesel

Answer 6

He has shown that the connections between neurons in the visual cortex can be modified by sensory experience, and that this plasticity is crucial for normal vision development.

Question 7

robert rescorla

Answer 7

Rescorla proposed that classical conditioning involves the formation of an expectancy or prediction that a US will follow a CS, based on the extent of contingency, or predictive relationship, between the two stimuli.

Question 8

metacognition

Answer 8

our ability to think about and monitor our own thinking processes

Question 9

wolfgang kohler

Answer 9

Köhler’s research focused on the way that people perceive and organize sensory information and the principles that govern problem-solving and learning.

Question 10

elizabeth loftus

Answer 10

. She is best known for her research on the misinformation effect, which is the phenomenon where people’s memories can be altered or influenced by post-event information.

Question 11

konrad lorenz

Answer 11

Lorenz is perhaps best known for his research on imprinting, which is the process by which certain animals form strong attachments to the first moving object they see after hatching or being born

Question 12

paul elkman

Answer 12

One of Ekman’s key contributions to psychology is his research on the universality of facial expressions, which suggests that certain facial expressions are universally recognized across different cultures as corresponding to specific emotions.

Question 13

lewins motivational conflict theory

Answer 13

Approach-approach conflict occurs when an individual must choose between two desirable goals, while approach-avoidance conflict occurs when an individual is attracted to a goal but also feels negative emotions or fear associated with it.

Question 14

Paul costa and Robert McCrae

Answer 14

Their research has shown that these five traits are consistent across different cultures and languages, and that they are relatively stable over time. Also fuund that some traits, such as neuroticism, may decrease as people age, while others, such as agreeableness, may increase.

Question 15

Albert Ellis

Answer 15

best known for developing Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), a type of psychotherapy that emphasizes identifying and changing irrational beliefs and thoughts.

DONT CONFUSE WITH AARON BECK WHO WORKED ON COGNITIVE THERAPY

Question 16

Carol Gilligan

Answer 16

Carol Gilligan is an American psychologist and feminist theorist who has made significant contributions to the study of moral development and gender differences in psychology. She was born in 1936 in New York City and earned her PhD in clinical psychology from Harvard University.

Gilligan’s research on moral development challenged the traditional view that morality is based on universal principles of justice and fairness. She argued that there are gender differences in moral reasoning, with women placing more emphasis on caring and relationships than on abstract principles.

Question 17

Halo effect

Answer 17

a cognitive bias in which our overall impression of a person influences how we perceive their specific traits or behaviors. It occurs when we form an initial impression of someone based on one characteristic, such as their physical attractiveness or charisma, and then allow that impression to color our perception of their other qualities.