Untitled Deck Flashcards by Ruby Eaton

What is the United Nations?

An international organisation created in 1945 that seeks to promote international cooperation and world peace.

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Define Human Rights.

The basic freedoms and protections that belong to every single one of us, regardless of nationality, sex, ethnic origin or any other status.

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What is International Law?

Rules and principles concerning questions of rights and relations between nations or between nations and their citizens.

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What is a Treaty?

A form of contract between 2 or more parties where parties agree to do something.

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What does CERD stand for?

Conventions on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

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What is CEDAW?

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against women.

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What does UNCRC stand for?

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

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What is Ratification?

The process that legally binds Australia to implement the treaty by passing a statute into domestic law.

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What signifies Australia’s intention to be bound by a treaty?

Signing a treaty.

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Name three Australian Laws that reflect the principles of a treaty.

Racial Discrimination Act
Sex Discrimination Act
Disability Discrimination Act

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What is the role of the Australian Constitution regarding human rights?

It allows individuals to take cases to the High Court if their rights are undermined.

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What is the function of the Australian Human Rights Commission?

To educate about rights and resolve complaints, aiming to prevent rights abuses.

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What are Statute Laws?

Laws made by parliament that can be interpreted and applied by the judiciary.

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What is Common Law?

Law inherited from the UK, often called ‘judge-made’ law.

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List some rights included in Australia’s Common Law.

Presumption of innocence
Prosecution carrying the burden of proof
Right to legal representation
The right to silence

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What does the Racial Discrimination Act protect against?

Unfair treatment based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin.

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When was the Racial Discrimination Act enacted?

1975.

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How does the Racial Discrimination Act uphold its principles?

Employers must prevent racial discrimination
The AHRC created the National Anti-Racism Framework

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What is Harmony Week?

A celebration recognizing diversity and bringing together Australians from different backgrounds.

What was the outcome of Gama v Qantas Airways Ltd (No 2) [2006]?

Qantas was found vicariously liable for racial discrimination due to supervisor presence during discriminatory remarks.

What is Direct Discrimination?

When someone is treated less favourably than another because of race, origin, or skin colour.

What is Indirect Discrimination?

When conditions disadvantage those of a different race or ethnic origin.

What does the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 promote?

Equality between women and men and protects against unfair treatment based on sex and related statuses.

What significant issue do women still face in Australia according to the Sex Discrimination Act?

Gender pay gap and barriers to leadership roles.

What landmark case involved pregnancy discrimination?

Hickie v Hunt & Hunt (1998).

How does the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 protect individuals?

It makes it unlawful to discriminate against a person in many areas of public life due to disability.

What areas does the Disability Discrimination Act cover?

* Employment * Education * Accommodation * Accessing public places * Using services

What is the estimated number of Australians with disabilities?

4.4 million.

What does the term 'education' refer to in the context of the Disability Discrimination Act?

Enrolling or studying in a course at a private or public school, college or university.

What is meant by 'accommodation' in the context of the Disability Discrimination Act?

Renting or buying a house or unit.

What types of services are protected under the Disability Discrimination Act?

Services such as banking and insurance, government services, transport or telecommunication services, professional services, and services provided by restaurants, shops, or entertainment venues.

What does the Disability Discrimination Act protect against in public places?

Accessing public places such as parks, government offices, restaurants, hotels, or shopping centres.

True or False: The Disability Discrimination Act protects individuals from harassment due to their disability.

True.

In the case of Graeme Maguire, what significant barriers did he face at the Sydney Olympic Park?

Lack of suitable seating for wheelchair users, obstructed views, inadequate bathroom and transport facilities.

What was the outcome of Graeme Maguire's complaint under the Disability Discrimination Act?

The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission ruled in his favour, requiring improvements in accessibility.

What precedent did the case of Graeme Maguire set for public venues in Australia?

It set a precedent for greater accountability in ensuring public venues are accessible to all Australians.

What does the ruling in the case of Sklavos v Australian College of Dermatologists signify?

It clarified the legal threshold for proving discrimination under the Disability Discrimination Act, making it harder for complainants to succeed.

What was the main legal issue in the case of Sklavos v Australian College of Dermatologists?

Whether the College's failure to provide reasonable adjustments was caused by the person's disability.

What did the Federal Court rule in the case of Sklavos v Australian College of Dermatologists?

The College's actions were not directly motivated by his disability but by general training requirements.

What are the implications of the ruling in Sklavos v Australian College of Dermatologists for individuals with disabilities?

It weakened protections for people with disabilities in education and professional accreditation settings.

What is Goal 10.1 of the UN Youth Sustainable Development Goals?

By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.

What does Goal 10.2 of the UN Youth Sustainable Development Goals aim to achieve?

Empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of various statuses.

Fill in the blank: Goal 10.3 aims to ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating _______.

[discriminatory laws, policies and practices].

What is the focus of Goal 5.1 of the UN Youth Sustainable Development Goals?

End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.

What does Goal 5.2 aim to eliminate?

All forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spheres.

True or False: Goal 5.5 focuses on ensuring women's participation and equal opportunities for leadership.

True.

What is the objective of Goal 5.C in the UN Youth Sustainable Development Goals?

Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality.