Untitled spreadsheet - Sheet1 (4) Flashcards

Question

24,"Consider the following statements: [1998] Ahadis were those troopers who: 1. offered their services singly 2. did not attach themselves to any chief 3. had the emperor as their immediate colonel 4. attached themselves to Mirzas Of these statements:","1, 3 and 4 are correct","1, 2 and 3 are correct","2 and 3 are correct","1 and 4 are correct"

Answer 1

24, (b) Ahadis were the gentlemen troopers who were recruited individually and were under the command of a separate mansabdar or officer, and had a diwan and a bakshi of their own. They were considered very efficient and loyal troops and were paid high salaries.

Answer 2

25, (b) Tughlaqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, stretching across 6.5 km, built by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, which was later abandoned in 1327. Fatehpur Sikri is a city and a municipal board in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was constructed by Mughal Emperor Akbar beginning in 1570, in honour of Sufi saint Shaikh Salim Chisti. Qutab Minar – 1206 –1236; Lodi Garden – 1451 – 1526.

Answer 3

26, (b) The Battle of Haldighati was fought between the Mughal Empire and the forces of Mewar on June 21, 1576 at Haldighati in Rajasthan, India. It was a decisive victory for the Mughal Emperor Jalal ud-Din Muhammad Akbar’s general Raja Man Singh against the Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar. Akbar was 14 years old when he was crowned at Kalanaur in 1556.

Answer 4

27, (d) The shaded part represents Akbar’s territory at the time of his death in 1605. A – Gondwana; B – Lahore

Answer 5

28, (a) Amir Khusrau (1253 –1325 CE), a Persian poet was associated with the rulers of Delhi Sultanate. He composed poetry in Arabic and Persian besides being the first writer to use Urdu as a medium of poetic expression.

Answer 6

29, (a) Bahlol Lodi defeated Hussain Shah Sharqi of Jaunpur in 1479.

Answer 7

30, (d) A is incorrect as Du aspa Sih aspa system was introduced by Jahangir (not Akbar). So answer is d.

Answer 8

31, (c) One consistent feature found in the history of southern India was the growth of small regional kingdoms rather than large empires because of absence of vast areas of fertile land.

Answer 9

32, (c) Muhammad Bin Tughlaq died in 1351 CE. He was succeeded by his cousin Firoz Tughlaq.

Answer 10

33, (b)(b) Jama Masjid is a mosque in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. The Jama Masjid of Srinagar is situated at Nowhatta, in the middle of the old city. It was built by Sultan Sikandar in 1400 AD. Later, the son of Sultan Sikandar, Zain-ul-Abidin had the mosque extended.

Answer 11

35,b,Under the Mahalwari system, revenue settlement was made by village or estates with the landlords. In the Ryotwari system, a direct settlement was made between the government and the ryot (cultivator). In the Zamindari system, land is allotted to revenue farmers of Zamindars (rent collectors).

Answer 12

36,b,Balaji Vishwanath played a crucial role in the final victory of Shahu by winning over almost all the Maratha sardars to the side of Shahu.

Answer 13

37,a,Khandesh was the ancient name of the north-western region of Maharashtra. Asirgarh was an important fort in Khandesh. In 1601, Mughal emperor Akbar annexed the Khandesh sultanate and Burhanpur became the capital of Khandesh Subah of the Mughal empire. The shaded portion on the given map indicates Khandesh during Akbar's reign.

Answer 14

38,a,Reign of Krishna Deva of Vijaynagara – (1509 – 30); Construction of Qutab Minar (1206 – 1210); Arrival of Portuguese in India (1498); Death of Firoz Tughlaq (1388).

Answer 15

39,b,These are the land grants given during the period of different dynasties.

Answer 16

40,c,Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1556 – 1627), of the Adil Shahi dynasty, was the king of Bijapur Sultanate.

Answer 17

41,a,Lingaraja Temple was constructed by Yayati Kesari, ruler of Orissa. It is located in Bhubaneshwar.

Answer 18

42,b,These Bhakti saints were disciples of Saint Ramananda.

Answer 19

43,c,Mongols under Chengiz Khan invaded India during the reign of Iltutmish but did not enter deep into India as Iltutmish refused to give shelter to the Persian king, Khwarizm Shah, whom Chengiz Khan was chasing.

Answer 20

44,d,Surat was called the Gate of Makka because the pilgrimage to Makka started from Surat.

Answer 21

45,a,Dewan-i-Bandagani (Department of Slaves) was constituted by Firoz Tughlaq; Dewan-i-Mustakhraj (Dept of Arrears) – Alauddin Khalji; Dewan-i-Kohi (Dept of Agriculture) – Muhammad Bin Tughlaq; Dewan-i-Arz (Dept of Military) - Balban.

Answer 22

46,a,Rana Sangha once defeated Ibrahim Lodhi so R explains A.

Answer 23

47,c,Shah Jahan expanded his empire in all directions: he annexed the Rajput kingdoms of Baglana and Bundelkhand to the west, and in 1635 he captured the kingdoms of Bijapur and Golconda in the Deccan.

Answer 24

48,c,Ramananda (1360-1470) was the first Bhakti saint to use Hindi for the propagation of his message.

Answer 25

49,d,Firoz Tughlaq set up a separate department of slaves known as 'Diwan-i-Bandagan'. Mohd Bin Tughlaq was succeeded by his cousin (not uncle) Firoz Tughlaq. Alauddin Khalji introduced the branding system of horses in his military.

Answer 26

50,a,The motive behind Shah Jahan's Balkh and Badakshan campaign in central Asia was to secure the defence of North-West India.

Answer 27

51,c,Muhammad bin Tughlaq made efforts to improve and extend cultivation by setting up a separate department called diwan-i amir-i kohi.

Answer 28

52,c,Zia-ud-din-Barani was a contemporary of Muhammad Tughlaq and Firoz Tughlaq. He enjoyed the patronage of both the sultans.

Answer 29

53,d,Sheikh Ahmad Sarhandi of Naqshbandi order was a contemporary of Akbar and Jahangir.

Answer 30

54,c,Akbar marched towards Afghanistan in 1581 to conquer Kabul to expand his kingdom.

Answer 31

55,c,Shah Alam II spent the initial years as an emperor away from his capital due to the fear of Najib Khan Rohilla.who became very powerful in Delhi and not due to foreign invasions.

Answer 32

56,c,He assumed the royal title not to save the kingdom but due to his greed for power.

Answer 33

57,c,Marathas never had the concept of a United Indian Nation.

Answer 34

58,a,Alam Khan along with Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babur to India. In the first battle of Panipat in 1526, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur.

Answer 35

59,c,The battle of Dharmat was fought between Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh in 1658 for Shahjahan's throne. Dara Shikoh was defeated by Aurangzeb.

Answer 36

60,c,He was defeated by his nephew, Farrukh Siyyar with the help of Sayyid Brothers.

Answer 37

61,c,Ibrahim Adil Shah II was ruler of Bijapur and wrote Kitab-i-Nauras. Amir Khusrau is popularly known as the 'Father of Qawali' in India.

Answer 38

62,d,Qutbud-din Aibak died after a fall from his horse while playing chaugan (polo) in 1210.

Answer 39

63,a,The correct chronological order is Shankaracharya (9th Century CE) - Ramanuja (1017-1137 CE) - Chaitanya (1486-1533 CE).

Answer 40

64,d,Sangama dynasty was founded by Harihara-I. Saluva dynasty was founded by Narasimha Saluva. Taluva dynasty was founded by Vira Narasimha.

Answer 41

65,c,Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founded the Tughlaq dynasty in 1320 AD (CE).

Answer 42

66,a,Ahmadnagar was founded by Malik Ahmad of Nizam Shahi dynasty in 1490. It was annexed by Shahjahan in 1633 into the Mughal Empire.

Answer 43

67,b,Banda Bahadur was appointed as the military leader of the Sikhs by Guru Gobind Singh and not Guru Tegh Bahadur.

Answer 44

68,b,Angkorvat temple is the first Hindu temple, dedicated to the god Vishnu. Buddhist temple was built during the reign of Suryavarman II. It is the world's largest religious building.

Answer 45

69,d,Indigenous chieftains from Karnataka rose to become the founders of a dynasty after a series of internal bickerings with other local chieftains. Vijaya and Krishna, two brothers, were responsible for the establishment of this small feudatory state of Vijayanagara Empire. Vijaya ascended the throne under the assumed name of Yaduraja in 1399 A.D. To begin with, this was a very small state containing only parts of Mysore district. Mysore was the capital city.

Answer 46

70,d,In 1612 Sir Thomas Roe visited the Mughal Emperor Jahangir to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas. In return, the company offered to provide the Emperor with goods and rarities from the European market. Jahangir accepted the proposal, and the company created trading posts in Surat (where a factory was built in 1613), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690).

Answer 47

71,c,A is correct but R is wrong as he issued bronze coins as the token currency which was a great fiasco.

Answer 48

72,c,Bahlol (1451–1489); Sikandar (1489–1517); Ibrahim (1517–1526)

Answer 49

73,c,Tukaram (1608–1650) was a Marathi Bhakti poet and a devotee of Lord Krishna. Time period of Jahangir was 1605-1627.

Answer 50

74,b,Abdul Hamid Lahori (d. 1654) was a traveller during the period of Shahjahan who later became a court historian of Shahjahan. He wrote the book Padshah Nama also referred to as Badshah nama, about the reign of Shahjahan.

Answer 51

75,c,The Vijaya Vittala temple is located at Hampi, the capital of the Vijayanagar kingdom during the reign of Krishnadev Raya.

Answer 52

76,b,William Hawkins visited the court of Jahangir and received a farman which allowed the East India Company to set up their first factory at Surat in 1613.

Answer 53

77,c,The oldest temple in Hampi (Pattadkal) is located on the southern bank of the river Tungabhadra. It is now a World Heritage site. It was built by Lokamahadevi, the Queen of Vikaramaditya II (A.D.733-745) in about A.D.740 to commemorate her husband’s victory over the Pallavas of Kanchipuram.

Answer 54

78,a,Bhimeshwar (Kakinada); Kandariya Mahadeo (Khajuraho); Rajarani temple (Bhubneshvar); Vidyashankara Temple (Sringeri).

Answer 55

79,b,James-I William Hawkins was sent to the court of Jahangir, and Jahangir provided the farman which allowed the East India Co. to set up a factory at Surat in 1613.

Answer 56

80,a,Nagarjuna was an early philosopher and the founder of the Madhyamika philosophy.

Answer 57

81,a,Buddha was considered the 9th incarnation of Vishnu. No tribe from Central Asia persecuted Buddhists. The Gupta dynasty did not oppose Buddhism, but they did not give it patronage either.

Answer 58

82,b,Dhrupad is primarily a spiritual and devotional music and it uses Sanskrit syllables from mantras.

Answer 59

83,d,All statements are correct, hence option (d) is correct.

Answer 60

84,b,Guru Nanak Dev was born in 1469. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526. When Babur took over and established the Mughal dynasty, Nanak was traveling to different parts of India and preaching Sikhism. Babur once met Guru Nanak during one of his travels.

Answer 61

85,c,Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri was the hall in which Akbar held discussions with scholars of various religions every Thursday to debate on religious issues raised by Akbar.

Answer 62

86,b,In medieval India, the designations ‘Mahattara’ and ‘Pattakila’ were used for village headmen.

Answer 63

87,b,States such as Champaka (Chamba), Durgara (Jammu), Trigarta (Jalandhar), Kuluta (Kulu), Kumaon, and Garhwal managed to remain outside the main areas of conflict in the northern plains.

Answer 64

88,b,In the fourteenth and fifteenth century gunpowder was used for military purposes in India, and even artillery in its rudimentary form was known. The Delhi Sultanate's greatest contribution to Indian fine arts was the introduction of Islamic architectural features, including true domes and arches, and the integration of Indian and Islamic styles of architecture. The Timurid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty. Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly influenced by Persian culture and had established two well-known empires in history, namely the Timurid Empire (1370-1507) in Persia and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire (1526-1857) in the Indian subcontinent.

Answer 65

89,c,Vijayanagara or "city of victory" was the name of both a city and an empire. The empire was founded in the fourteenth century. In its heyday, it stretched from the river Krishna in the north to the extreme south of the peninsula, (Krishna-Tungabhadra doab). It was founded by Harihara 1 and Bukka, in 1336.

Answer 66

90,d,In India, Banjara people were transporters of goods from one place to another, and the goods they transported included salt, grains, firewood, and cattle. Thus, Banjaras were trader-nomads.

Answer 67

91,b,In 1837, British archaeologist and historian James Prinsep decoded the edicts of Emperor Ashoka. Prinsep’s inscription proved to be a series of edicts issued by a king calling himself “Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi.”

Answer 68

92,b,The concept of Bodhisattva is central to the Mahayana doctrines of Buddhism. The term ‘bodhisattva’ literally means ‘one who has enlightenment as his/her essence’. A bodhisattva is a being who is destined for enlightenment rather than one who has gained it already. A bodhisattva is also normally thought of as consciously working towards enlightenment: you can’t call someone a bodhisattva just because they might be enlightened in the future if they haven’t started making an effort yet. For this reason, the earliest use of the term ‘bodhisattva’ refers to Siddhartha Gautama before he gained enlightenment, and also in his previous lives.

Answer 69

93,b,"First and second statements are wrong because Ajanta (Buddhist caves) was built from 2nd Century BCE to 5th Century CE, while Mahabalipuram (Hindu temple) was built during 7-8th Centuries by Pallava Kings. Third statement is correct- both are rock cut monuments.",Class-11 NCERT, Page 83

Answer 70

94,c,"The Persian wheel is a mechanical water lifting device operated usually by draught animals like bullocks, buffaloes or camels. It is used to lift water from water sources typically open wells. In Sanskrit the word Araghatta has been used in the ancient texts to describe the Persian Wheel. The ‘ara-ghatta’ comes from the combination of the words ‘ara’ meaning spoke and ‘ghatta’ meaning pot.",7th Std NCERT, Our Past II, Page 6-7

Answer 71

95,d,"The Maagadha and the suutas were associated with memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories and Epic tales.",NA

Answer 72

96,c,"Khajuraho is located in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Tirupati is located in Rayalaseema region.",NA

Answer 73

97,c,"(i) Siddhas means the refined monotheistic creed existed. Sittar implies an expert in occultism, alchemy and so on with magic or superstitious powers.

Answer 74

98,c,"(i) In reign of Krishna Deva, land revenue was the main source of income of the government. To assess the proper revenue entire land was classified into four parts: the wet land, the dry land, the orchards and the woods. The government also levied other taxes like the grazing tax, the customs duty, tax on gardening and industries taxes on manufacture of various articles.

Answer 75

99,d,"ICSE Class 9 textbook Page 150 says Buland Darwaza constructed in red and yellow standstones with white marble inlay in the span of the arches. Other random google books reveal that Khankah too contains white marbles. So, statement#1 ought to be right. Second statement is wrong. “Rumi Darwaza, Bara Imambara, Chhatar Manzil are monuments are fragile in terms of structural strength (because) The common material used for raising most of the monuments in Lucknow was brick and plaster, says TimesofIndia. So, accordingly answer should have been “a” but UPSC has kept ‘d’ as the official answer.",NA

Answer 76

100,d,"Paintings at Kishangarh is associated with the most romantic legends - Sawant Singh and his beloved Bani Thani. and of the intertwining of lives and myths, romance and bhakti. It is sometimes argued that the women in 'bani thani' is said to resemble the character of Radha.",NA

Answer 77

101,d,"Two classes shared power of the State with Mughal emperor: zamindars and the nobles. The zamindars were hereditary owners of their lands who enjoyed certain privileges on hereditary basis. They occupied an important place in the empire because they helped in the collection of revenue and in local administration, for which they maintained soldiers. The nobility comprised people who were either assigned large jagirs / Mansabs or appointed Subahdars. Thus, both 1 and 2 are wrong",NA

Answer 78

102,a,"The first stage of Iqta system started in 1206. The system started with the assignment of different regions as iqtas (territorial areas or units whose revenues were assigned to officials in lieu of salaries) to military commanders, out of whose revenues they could maintain themselves and their troops as well. So, it means Iqta started in 1206 itself and it was not an ancient indigenous Indian institution. #2 is wrong. b and d eliminated.

Answer 79

103,d,"In the 13th century, Nimbarka and Vallabhacharya were also other preachers of Vaishnavite Bhakti in the Telangana region. Akbar was 15th Century, so unlikely to be contemporaries. #1 is wrong. "Naqshbandi school degraded Sufism to the status of a handmaid of orthodox Islam. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (1563- 1624) became the leading spokesman of this school after Akbar's death. His teachings were not confined to the reform of Islam; he advocated a crusade against the Hindus." So, it's unlikely that Kabir would be 'greatly influenced' by such hardcore radical element. #2 is wrong. Besides, Kabir Das timeline is (1398 or 1440-1518) so he was long dead before Sirhindi was even born.",NA

Answer 80

104,a,"Tansen invented the night raga Darbari Kanhra, morning raga Mian Ki Todi, mid-day raga, Mian ki Sarang, seasonal raga Mian ki Malhar. So #d is right, therefore eliminated, because we've to find wrong statement. He composed many dhrupads on Ganesha, Shiva, Parvati and Rama. He also composed songs on his patrons. So b and c also eliminated. Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior. So, a is wrong, and therefore it's the answer.",NA

Answer 81

105,c,"Under Akbar, painting appears to have been confined only to manuscript illustration. So b is wrong. Portrait reached great heights during Jahangir's reign. The portrait were painted with great care of details and finesse of drawing and modeling.",NA

Answer 82

106,b,"Aurang- Persian term for Warehouse (given in NCERT class 8- Our Past- II, also covered in the Youtube Lecture). So, #1 is wrong, In both of this option (b & c) pair#3 (Mirasidar) is common so we have to accept it as correct. Everything boils down to whether second statement is correct or not. Banian- Agent of East India Company, term used for Bania (trader) So, #2 is correct– so the answer should be “”b”.",NA

Answer 83

Question Number,Option,Note

Answer 84

1,(a),C. Rajagopalachari was the Head of the Department of Education and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the Head of the Department of Food & Agriculture in the Executive Council.

Answer 85

2,(a),The Portuguese used Hooghly as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bengal. In 1631 - 32, Qasim Khan, who was the governor of Bengal during Shah Jahan reigns finally subdued them.

Answer 86

3,(d),It was mainly used in maintaining the revenue and administrative records.

Answer 87

4,(a),Scindias of Gwalior; Holkars of Indore; Gaekwads of Baroda; Bhonsles of Nagpur.

Answer 88

5,(b),Battle of Wandiwash in 1960 and French were finally defeated by English. Battle of Buxar (1764) - English under Munro defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-daula and Shah Alam II.

Answer 89

6,(b),Adivasi means primitive people.

Answer 90

7,(a),The Earl Cornwallis took office on 12 September 1786 and left office on 28 October 1793. The Marquess Cornwallis took office on 30 July 1805 and left office on 5 October 1805. James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie served as Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India (1947) and the first Governor-General of the independent Dominion of India (1947-48). The Viscount Wavell tenure is 1 October 1943 - 21 February 1947.

Answer 91

8,(c),Ranade worked for social reform in the areas of child marriage, widow remarriage, and women's rights. He was a distinguished Indian scholar, social reformer and author.

Answer 92

9,(d),This was the first advertisement of Indian cinema in Times of India dated 7th August, 1896.

Answer 93

10,(b),Dupleix succeeded Dumas as the French governor of Pondicherry. His ambition now was to acquire for France vast territories in India, and for this purpose he entered into relations with the native princes, and adopted a style of oriental splendour in his dress and surroundings. He built an army of native troops, called sepoys, who were trained as infantrymen men in his service also included the famous Hyder Ali of Mysore. Colonial administrator and governor-general of the French territories in India, who nearly realized his dream of establishing a French empire in India.

Answer 94

11,(a),Hindu College, Calcutta - 1817; University of Calcutta - 1858; Adam’s Report – 1835-38; Wood’s Despatch - 1854

Answer 95

12,(b),Durgesh Nandini was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1862-1864 in Bangla.

Answer 96

13,(b),Captain William Sleeman was appointed by Lord William Bentick (1828-35) to suppress the thugs.

Answer 97

14,(a),Wood’s Despatch (Magna Carta of English education) – 1854; Macaulay’s Minute on Education - 1835; Sargent Education Report – 1944; Hunter Commission – 1882-83

Answer 98

15,(a),Moplah revolt in Malabar in Kerala in 1921; Pabna revolt in East Bengal (now in Bangladesh) in 1873; Eka movement in 1921-22 in districts of UP; Birsa Munda revolt in 1899 in Ranchi, Bihar (But now part of Jharkhand).

Answer 99

16,(c),The revolt did not spread to all parts of the country. Nor was it supported by all groups and sections of the Indian society. South and West India remained largely outside the fold of the revolt. Many Indian rulers refused to help the rebels and some were openly hostile to the rebels and helped the British in suppressing the revolt. The middle and upper classes and the modern educated Indians also did not support the revolt

Answer 100

17,(c),Abanindranath Tagore is known as the leader of the Revivalist Movement in the field of modern Indian painting in Bengal.

Answer 101

18,(a),The economy under the Britishers worked on the principle that India would producer of raw materials. The raw materials like cotton, iron ore; indigo etc would then be bought at low rates and exported to England for its industries to consume. India would then be used also as a market to sell off finished goods. Hence there was no need of any heavy industry here.

Answer 102

19,(b),Alam Ara was the first Indian sound film directed by Ardeshir Irani. The first Indian talkie was so popular that police aid had to be summoned to control the crowds.

Answer 103

20,(d),Lord Lytton (1876-80)

Answer 104

21,(d),Lord Hastings (1813-23)

Answer 105

22,(c),Ghashiram Kotwal is a Marathi play written by playwright Vijay Tendulkar in 1972. Neel Darpan, the Mirror of Indigo; translated as Neel Darpan; or, the Indigo Planting Mirror is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858-1859. The play was essential to Neel Bidroha, or Indigo Revolt.

Answer 106

23,(a),The Life Divine is Sri Aurobindo’s major philosophical opus. It combines a synthesis of western thought and eastern spirituality with Sri Aurobindo’s own original insights, covering topics such as the nature of the Divine (the Absolute, Brahman), how the creation came about, the evolution of consciousness and the cosmos, the spiritual path, and human evolutionary-spiritual destiny.

Answer 107

24,(d),Indigo revolt – 1860; Santhal rebellion – 1855-56; Deccan riot – 1875

Answer 108

25,(c),First Anglo-Burmese War – Burmese defeated, Treaty of Yandobo (1826); First Anglo-Afghan War – Afghan defeated (1838); First Anglo-Maratha War – Britishers were defeated, Treaty of Salbai (1782); Second Anglo-Mysore War – Haider Ali died and succeeded by Tipu Sultan, Treaty of Mangalore.

Answer 109

26,(b),The last major extension of British Indian Territory took place during Dalhousie under his Doctrine of Lapse (Jhansi, Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur and Nagpur) and on the basis of misgovernance (Awadh).

Answer 110

27,(d),Dadra and Nagar Haveli was under Portuguese colonial rule till 1954 and not French colonial rule.

Answer 111

28,(d),Tipu Sultan established embassies in France, Turkey and Egypt on modern lines.

Answer 112

29,(d),Meena Kumari is not the recipient of Bharat Ratna.

Answer 113

30,(b),John Shore planned Permanent Settlement and it was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. Zamindars were made the owners of the land and the British got a fixed share of 10/11th of the revenue collected by the zamindars.

Answer 114

31,(d),Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 (not 1835) at Bombay by Dayananda Saraswati. Lala Lajpat Rai joined the Arya Samaj. His journal Arya Gazette concentrated mainly on subjects related to the Arya Samaj. He never opposed Arya Samaj.

Answer 115

32,(b),Charles Wilkins was a member of Asiatic Society of Bengal founded by William Jones. He translated Bhagavad Gita into English in 1794.

Answer 116

33,(d),Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was established in 1870 by M.G. Ranaday and Joshi. It submitted in 1875 a petition to the House of Commons demanding India's direct representation in the British Parliament.

Answer 117

34,(b),After the grant of Diwani in the year 1765, the British first came in contact with a mountain tribes called Khasis.

Answer 118

35,(a),Regulating Act was passed in 1773. Pitts India Act was passed in 1784.

Answer 119

36,(a),The Indian Councils Act of 1861 transformed the viceroy's Executive Council into a miniature cabinet run on the portfolio system, and each of the five ordinary members was placed in charge of a distinct department of Calcutta's government.

Answer 120

37,(b),Whitley chaired the Royal Commission on Labour in India, which reported in 1931.

Answer 121

38,(a),The Portuguese captured Goa from rulers of Bijapur in 1510 and not in 1499.

Answer 122

39,(b),The Dutch East India Company in India, established the first factory in Masulipattanam in 1605, followed by Pulicat in 1610, Surat in 1616, Bimilipatam in 1641 and Chinsura in 1653.

Answer 123

40,(d),Wood's Despatch of 1854 are considered as the Magna Carta of English education in India. Statement (C) is incorrect as it recommended English as the medium of instructions for higher studies and vernaculars at school level.

Answer 124

41,(a),Farrukhsiyar introduced revenue farming in Bengal.

Answer 125

42,(d),Charter Act of 1833 provides for the appointment of a law member but not necessarily an Indian.

Answer 126

43,(a),Ilbert Bill was introduced during the viceroyality of Lord Rippon.

Answer 127

44,(b),The first entirely Indian joint stock bank was the Oudh Commercial Bank, established in 1881 in Faizabad. It collapsed in 1958. The next was the Punjab National Bank was established in Lahore in 1895, which has survived to the present and is now one of the largest banks in India.

Answer 128

45,(d),First Anglo-Maratha War - 1775-1782; First Anglo - Sikh War - 1845-1846; Second Anglo - Sikh War - 1848-1849;

Answer 129

46,(c),Vernacular Press Act was passed by Lord Lytton in 1878 and it was repealed by Ripon in 1882.

Answer 130

47,(a),Lord Curzon (1899-1905); Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921); Lord Hardinge (1910-1916); Lord Irwin (1926-1931)

Answer 131

48,(c),These princely states were annexed by Lord Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse. Jhansi - 1854, Sambalpur- 1849 and Satara - 1848.

Answer 132

49,(b),In the first Battle of Panipat (1526), Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur. In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marathas. Tipu Sultan was killed in the fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799).

Answer 133

50,(a),Kunwar Singh belonged to a royal Ujjaini house of Jagdispur, currently a part of Bhojpur district, Bihar state.

Answer 134

51,(b),Leader: Jhansi - Rani Laxmibai; Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mehal; Jagdishpur (Bihar)- Kunwar Singh.

Answer 135

52,(b),Statement 3 is incorrect as Raja Ram Mohan Roy's campaign against Sati led to the enactment of Bengal Regulation Act of 1829 to ban Sati by Governor-General William Bentick. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Gattunath Bose were the first graduates of the Calcutta University on Jan 30, 1858. JED Bethune founded the Bethune School in Calcutta in 1849. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was also associated with this. That's why the best possible answer here is option (b)

Answer 136

53,(b),Lord Lytton brought Vernacular Press Act came in to force in 1878. It was repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.

Answer 137

54,(b),Modern Kochi became a part of the British colony after being a Dutch colony. Kochi was first a Portuguese colony. Fort Williams was built in Kochi by the Dutch.

Answer 138

55,(b),Statement 1 is incorrect as Lord Curzon was the first Governor General who established a regular police force in India on the British pattern. A Supreme Court was established at Fort Williams by the Regulating Act, 1773 with jurisdiction over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Answer 139

56,(b),Battle of Ambur-1749, Battle of Plassey-1757, Battle of Wandiwash-1760, Battle of Buxar-1764.

Answer 140

57,(a),The Fabian Society is a British socialist intellectual movement best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning in the late 19th century and then up to World War I. Fabianism focused on the advancement of socialist ideas through gradual influence and patiently insinuating socialist ideology into intellectual circles and groups with power.

Answer 141

58,(b),The Charter Act, 1813 (not 1853) abolished East India Company monopoly of Indian trade.

Answer 142

59,(d),Anand Math is a Bengali novel, written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and published in 1882. Set in the background of the Sanyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century.

Answer 143

60,(d),The British forces had failed to subdue him for over a year. He was however betrayed into the hands of the British by his trusted friend, Man Singh, while asleep in his camp in the Paron forest. He was captured on 7 April 1859 by a detachment of native infantry from British General Richard John Meade's troops led to him by Singh and escorted to Shivpuri where he was tried by a military court.

Answer 144

61,(a),Revolt of 1857 is referred as Sepoy Mutiny by many historians. After the mutiny Lord Canning was made the Viceroy and power was transferred from the East India Company to the British crown by Act of 1858.

Answer 145

62,(b),It was started by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Answer 146

63,(a),Other three states were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse by Lord Dalhousie. But doctrine of Lapse was not applicable on Awadh as Nawab Wazid Ali Shah had many children. Therefore, Dalhousie annexed Awadh on the pretext of misgovernance in 1856. Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854) and Satara (1848)

Answer 147

66,(b),Statement 1 is incorrect as Warren Hastings was the first governor-general of Bengal.

Answer 148

67,(b),Fort William, Calcutta (1781); Fort St George, Chennai (1644); Fort St David, Madras(1670); Fort St Angelo, Kerala (1505) but by the Portuguese.

Answer 149

68,(b),It was written in protest of the evil of polygamy. Bahu (many or more than one)- bivah (marriage) meaning more than one marriage.

Answer 150

69,(c),Devi Chaudhurani is a Bengali novel written by Bankim Chandra Chatterji and published in 1884. It was later translated to English by Subodh Chunder Mitter. Nil Darpan is also a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858-1859. The play was published in Dhaka in 1860 while Shatranj ke Khilari was authored by Munsi Premchandra.

Answer 151

70,(d),The foundation of Hindu College at Calcutta was laid on January 20, 1817.

Answer 152

71,(c),The first electric telegraph line in India was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour in 1850 and first export zone of India set up in Kandla in 1965.

Answer 153

73,(c),The judicial reforms undertaken by Lord Cornwallis laid a strong foundation in the British Indian administrative system in the year 1793. The judicial reforms of Cornwallis were documented in the famous Cornwallis Code. However the new judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis were based on the principle of Separation of Powers. Cornwallis at first sought to separate the revenue administration from the administration of justice. The collector used to be the head of the Revenue Department in a district and also enjoyed extensive judicial and magisterial powers. However Cornwallis wanted Separation of Power and the Cornwallis Code divested the collector of all the judicial and the magisterial powers. Thus the Collectors were given only the power of the revenue administration according to the Cornwallis Code. A new class of officer called the District Judge was created to preside over the district Civil Court. The district judge was also given the magisterial and the police function.

Answer 154

74,(a),To avenge their expulsion of Timur Shah, Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India for the fifth time in Oct. 1759, and finally conquered Punjab.

Answer 155

75,(a),The Portuguese established a factory in Pondicherry at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The second Europeans who occupied it were Dutch. English also invaded it in 1793 and returned it to French in 1814 after the treaty of Paris. Thus statement 1 only is correct.

Answer 156

77,(d),The first option is rejected because it used the term “tribal products”. The second option is rejected because NOT in all areas, the impact of foreign missionaries was seen. The third option is also NOT correct, because not in all areas saw the rise of money lenders. The fourth option is correct and it includes everything what happened in that era. The most common thing was the foreign interference in the indigenous world of their own which dismantled the structure that existed since centuries.

Answer 157

78,(d),It is clear from Economic History of India by RC Datt: “ The Indian Tribute whether weighted in the scales of justice or viewed in the light of our interest, will be found to be at variance with humanity, with the commonsense and with the received maxims of economical science. It would be true wisdom then to provide for the future payment of such of the Home Charges of the Indian Government as really from the tribute out of Indian Exchequer. These charges would be probably found to be the dividends on East India Stock, interest in Home debt, the salaries of the officers, establishments of the and building connected with the Home Department of Indian Government, furlough and retired pay to members of the Indian Military and Civil Services when at Home, Charges of all descriptions paid in this country connected with the British troops serving in India and portion of the cost of transporting the British troops to and from India

Answer 158

79,(a),On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. A. O. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President. The additional British Members were William Wedderburn and Justice John Jardine. All others were the Hindus from Calcutta and Madras Presidency. Wedderburn had entered the parliament as a liberal member in 1893 and had sought to voice India’s grievances within the house.

Answer 159

80,(c),Ryotwari settlement, the rent was paid directly by the peasants to the Government and the Government gave pattas to the Ryots.

Answer 160

81,(b),Statements 1 & 2 are correct.

Answer 161

82,(d),Raja Todarmal had introduced the assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops, as Akbar's able minister. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, employed firearms, gun carts and movable artillery in battle. In Battle of Panipat (1526) he used mobile canons to defeat the much larger forces of Ibrahim Lodhi. Tobacco was introduced in India by Portuguese in 16th or 17th century.

Answer 162

83,(c),Ilbert bill exempted British subjects from trial by Indian magistrates and in cases involving death or transportation they could only be tried by a high court. This proposal provoked furious protests by the Indians.

Answer 163

84,(c),The Radcliffe Line is a boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan upon the Partition of India. The Radcliffe Line was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

Answer 164

85,(b),In 1911 King George V visited India. A durbar was held at Delhi and The capital of India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi also Partition of Bengal was annulled.

Answer 165

86,(a),The object/objects of Queen Victoria's Proclamation (1858) were to disclaim any intention to annex Indian States as the announcement reversed Lord Dalhousie's pre-war policy of political unification through princely state annexation. It was also to place the Indian administration under the British Crown. Therefore, statement 1 & 2 are correct. However it was not to regulate East India Company's trade with India so statement 3 is wrong.

Answer 166

87,(b),Manganiyars–a tribal community from Rajasthan (Northwest) with a strong musical tradition.

Answer 167

88,(a),The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary association founded by Punjabi Indians, in the United States and Canada with the aim of gaining India's independence from British rule. Key members included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and Rashbehari Bose. It had its headquarters at San Francisco.

Answer 168

89,(b),A person became a vassal by pledging political allegiance and providing military, political, and financial service to a lord. A lord possessed complete sovereignty over land or acted in the service of another sovereign, usually a king. If a lord acted in the service of a king, the lord was considered a vassal of the king. As part of the feudal agreement, the lord promised to protect the vassal and provided the vassal with a plot of land. This land could be passed on to the vassal's heirs, giving the vassal tenure over the land.

Answer 169

90,(d),Dadabhai Naoroji, R. C. Dutt, Ranade, Gokhale, G. Subramania Iyer, were among those who grounded Indian nationalism firmly on the foundation of anti-imperialism by fashioning the world's first economic critique of colonialism, before Hobson and Lenin.

Answer 170

91,(b),The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which became the Government of India Act in 1919 clearly defined the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments.

Answer 171

92,(c),Satyashodhak Samaj is a society established by Jyotirao Phule on September 24, 1873. This was started as a group whose main aim was to liberate the social shudra and untouchable castes from exploitation and oppression.

Answer 172

93,(d),(i) The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms were reforms introduced by the British Government in India to introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919.

Answer 173

94,(b),In 1881, Keshab Chandra Sen established NabaBidhan (New Dispensation) meaning new universalist religion after having differences within BrahmoSamaj. He was also part of Indian reform association to legalize Brahmo marriage and to fix minimum age of marriage. Calcutta Unitarian Committee was formed by Raja Rammohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore and William Adam, hence irrelevant to the question. Hence Answer (b) only 2 and 3.

Answer 174

95,(b),(i) Extremists and moderates both seemed to be locking horns. The Extremists thought that the people had been encouraged and the battle for freedom had begun. They felt the time had come for the big push to drive the British out and considered the Moderates to be a stumbling block to the movement.(ii) So, Surat split occurred because extremists were dissatisfied with Moderates’ capacity to negotiate with the British.

Answer 175

96,(d),(i) The main proposals of the plan of Sir Stafford Cripps was that an Indian Union with a dominion status would be set up; it would be free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth and free to participate in the United Nations and other international bodies.

Answer 176

97,(b),Annamacharya belonged to 15th century. So, Annamacharya and Tyagaraja (born in 1767) can't be contemporaries. By elimination we get B: 2 and 4 only.

Answer 177

98,(d),The options given in 98 are incorrect; they are not relevant to the information provided in the passage.

Answer 178

99,(c),Point A, B and D were the salient features of Subsidiary Alliance, hence "C" doesn't apply.

Answer 179

100,(c),Commercialization of Indian agriculture was among the major impacts of British rule on Indian economy.

Answer 180

101,(b),1859: Neeldarpan was written; 1863: Satyendranath cleared CSE; 1875: Arya Samaj was founded; 1882: Anandmath was written.

Answer 181

102,(b),Fort William College was established by Lord Wellesley (1798) for the training of civil servants. Arthur Wellesley was the brother of Lord Wellesley who fought the 4th Anglo-Mysore war against Tipu Sultan.

Answer 182

103,(a),Wood's dispatch recommended that Primary and secondary education should be in Vernacular language.

Answer 183

104,(d),All three were responsible for the introduction of English education in India.

Answer 184

105,(d),The Founding Conference elected Com. Ashok Mehta as the General Secretary and Com. G.G. Mehta and V.S. Mathur as Secretaries. Ms. Maniben Kara and Com. T.S. Ramanujam were elected as Vice-Presidents of HMS.

Answer 185

106,(b),Jean-Baptiste Tavernier was a French traveler who visited India between 1640 and 1667. Jean De Thevenot (1626) and Francois Bernier (1656-58) were also French travelers who provided insights into various aspects of Indian life and culture.

Answer 186

Question Number,Option,Note

Answer 187

107,b,"As early as in 1957, the Congress party had the bitter taste of defeat in Kerala. In the assembly elections held in March 1957, the Communist Party won the largest number of seats to the Kerala legislature. The governor invited E.M.S. Namboodiripad, the leader of the Communist legislature party, to form the ministry. For the first time in the world, a Communist party government had come to power through democratic elections."

Answer 188

108,b,"In most states, initially, the ceilings were imposed on individual and not family holdings, enabling landowners to divide up their holdings 'notionally' in the names of relatives merely to avoid the ceiling. A large number of exemptions to the ceiling limits were permitted by most states following the Second Plan recommendations that certain categories of land could be exempted from ceilings. These were tea, coffee and rubber plantations, orchards, specialized farms etc. Land reform is not responsible for cash crop cultivation becoming predominant in India. Besides, majority of India's area under cultivation is foodgrains and cereals."

Answer 189

109,a,"The Company's monopoly over trade in India ended, but the Company retained the trade with China and the trade in tea. The Company was to retain the possession of territories and the revenue for 20 years more, without prejudice to the sovereignty of the Crown."

Answer 190

110,d,"While in jail, Gandhi set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1933. All India Kisan Congress/Sabha: This sabha was founded in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the president and N.G. Ranga as the general secretary. During the 1920s in South India, the non-brahmins organised the Self-Respect Movement led by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker."

Answer 191

111,b"20th (twentieth) century means 1/1/1901 to 31/12/2000. Indigo cultivation declined by the beginning of 1901 due to various reasons, including the rebellion against indigo cultivation in Bengal in March 1859. The revolt led to a collapse in indigo production in Bengal, although the planters shifted their operations to Bihar. The invention of artificial dye did not yet affect them."

Answer 192

112,d,"Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) aimed for adequate training for European civil servants. Civil servants from all presidencies took three years of training at Fort William College in Calcutta. However, the Court of Directors feared that this might shift the loyalties of civil servants from London to Calcutta, leading to the closure of Fort William College in 1802."

Answer 193

113,a,"Machines were very few at the start of the 20th Century CE, ruling out option (b). Railway lines were laid post-1850s, eliminating option (c). British goods were not given duty-free trade permits, eliminating option (d). Therefore, option (a) is correct."

Answer 194

114,a,"BR Ambedkar & MK Gandhi worked in the 20th Century. Jyotiba Phule wrote 'Ghulam Giri.' Gopal Baba Walangkar was a leader of the Mahar Movement in the 19th century and published 'Vital- Vidhvanasak.'"

Answer 195

Question,Description

Answer 196

1,(c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose as Secretaries and S. Srinivasa Iyengar as President founded Independence for Indian League to oppose the Nehru Report. They demanded complete independence and imposition of social structure in the country.

Answer 197

2,(c) Communist Vanguard was an emigre Communist journal of M.N. Roy.

Answer 198

3,(b) Lucknow Pact - 1916; Introduction of Diarchy under Montford Reforms (GIA 1919) - December, 1919; Rowlatt Act - February 1919; Partition of Bengal - 1905.

Answer 199

4,(c) In 1908, Barrah Dacoity was organized by Dacca Anushilan under Pulin Das in East Bengal.

Answer 200

5,(c) On 12 March, 1930, Gandhi started his civil disobedience movement by starting Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat and reached Dandi on 6 April 1930 and broke the salt law.

Answer 201

6,(d) Satya Sodhak Samaj was founded by Jyoti Ba Phule in 1873.

Answer 202

7,(d) It was led by Vallabh Bhai Patel in Gujarat.

Answer 203

8,(a) Swaraj party was formed in 1923 by CR Das.

Answer 204

9,(d) The British sovereignty ceased to exist in India after Aug 15, 1947.

Answer 205

10,(d) The drain theory was put forward by Dadabhai Naoroji in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan did not believe in the drain theory of Dadabhai Naoroji.

Answer 206

11,(a) He was a resident of Bombay Presidency, but was elected to Constituent Assembly from WB.

Answer 207

12,(a) The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act (1919) was popularly known as the Rowlatt Act. Gandhi ji called it a Black act.

Answer 208

13,(d) First round table conference was initially between the British and the Indian as equals. The INC did not participate in the first and third conference.

Answer 209

14,(d) CSP was formed in 1934 by JP Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev, Basawon Singh and Yogendra Shukla

Answer 210

15,(c) The correct matches of the following persons with their books are given below: Persons Books Surendra Nath Banerjee A Nation in Making M.K. Gandhi Hind Swaraj Subhash Chandra Bose The Indian Struggle Lajpat Roy Autobiographical Writings

Answer 211

16,(d) Acharya JB Kriplani was the president of the Congress Party in 1947. Dr Rajendra Prasad presided over the Constituent Assembly. GB Pant formed the first Congress ministry in United Province before India attained independence.

Answer 212

17,(c) Cabinet mission proposed a rejection of the demand for a full fledged Pakistan because the Pakistan so formed would include large non-muslim population – 38% in the N-W and 48% in the N-E.

Answer 213

18,(d) Abhinav Bharat – 1904; Anushilan Samiti – 1906; Gadar Party – 1913; Swaraj Party – 1906

Answer 214

19,(c) First session of National Conference at Calcutta was organized in 1883, Muslim league was founded in 1906 at Dacca, the formation of All India States Peoples Conference was held in 1927 and the Communal Award from Whitehall was announced in 1932.

Answer 215

20,(b) Non Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Movement were launched in 1920. The two movements emerged from separate issues, but they adopted a common programme of action that of non-violent and non-cooperation. There was increasing Hindu-Muslim unity against the British.

Answer 216

21,(c) Mahatma Gandhi suggested the winding up of the Indian National Congress after India attained independence, as its main aim to fight for Indian independence had been attained.

Answer 217

22,(d) Butler Committee - Relation between Indian states & paramount power Hurtog Committee - Growth of British India education-its effects Hunter Commission - Jallianwalabagh massacre Muddiman Committee - Working of Diarchy as in Montague Chelmsford reforms

Answer 218

23,(c) This statement relates to Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was born May 9, 1866 in Kotaluk, Maharashtra. Gokhale at the age of 18 graduated from Elphinstone College in 1884. He at the age of 39 became President in the 1905 session of INC held at Benaras.

Answer 219

24,(d) Morley-Minto reforms – 1909; Simon Commission–1927; Chauri-Chaura Incident–1922; Dandi March–1930

Answer 220

25,(d) Poona Pact was signed by Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes in September, 1932. The pact abandoned separate electorates for the depressed classes. But the seats reserved for the depressed classes were increased both in provincial and state legislatures.

Answer 221

26,(b) Surat split in 1907 session of INC was presided by Ras Behari Ghosh; Communal Award was announced by Ramsay McDonald in August, 1932; Poorna Swarajaya resolution was passed in 1929 session of INC at Lahore presided over by Nehru.

Answer 222

27,(c) The Chittagong Armoury Raid was led by Surya Sen. The Kakori Revolution was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and Alamnagar, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925. The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Jatin Das was arrested for revolutionary activities and was imprisoned in Lahore jail to be tried under the supplementary Lahore Conspiracy Case. The founding president of Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal was the co-founder of this party.

Answer 223

28,(d) The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. All are related to this organization.

Answer 224

29,(d) Tilak’s Home Rule League – April, 1916; Karnagatamaru Incident – September, 1914; Mahatma Gandhi’s arrival in India from South Africa –1915

Answer 225

30,(a) All the 7 members of Simon Commission were whites.

Answer 226

31,(d) The extremists believed in sacrificing everything including life for the cause of the motherland. They tried to instill self-respect and patriotism in the people by invoking past heroes like Ashoka, Shivaji, Maharana Pratap and Rani Laxmibai. Because of the extremist's policy of harping on Hindu past, The Indian Muslims in general were not attracted to the extremist movement.

Answer 227

32,(b) Jalianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919 at Amritsar. This event is characterized by Montague as 'Preventive Murder'.

Answer 228

33,(a) August Offer–1940; INA Trial–1945; Quit India Movement–1942; Royal Indian Navy Ratings Revolt–1946

Answer 229

34,(b) In the beginning of the 20th century, Extremists, a new class of national leaders emerged in India which were different from the moderate group. They took a more aggressive stance against the British Empire. They were typically younger and did not believe in the soft and persuasive approach of the moderate leaders. They did not stick to constitutional methods to protest and demand. They resorted to boycotts, strikes, etc. They also burned foreign-made goods. They believed in confrontation rather than persuasion. They believed in sacrificing everything including life for the cause of the motherland. They opposed westernization of Indian society by the British.

Answer 230

35,(d) Badruddin Tyabji was not associated with the Muslim League but he was the first Muslim president of INC in 1887 at Madras.

Answer 231

36,(b) Lord Curzon (1899 –1905)

Answer 232

37,(b) Ghadr was established in 1913 under the leadership of Lala Hardayal. The HQ of Ghadr was in San Francisco.

Answer 233

38,(b) He was not able to keep India united so he used the Plan Balkan.

Answer 234

39,(a) Both are correct and R explains A.

Answer 235

40,(d) A is false as the role of moderates continued after the partition of Bengal. Extremists and moderates separated at Surat session in 1907 but reunited at 1916 session at Lucknow.

Answer 236

41,(d) A is wrong as it was in 1913 and not in 1911 that a resolution on Education Policy was moved. The government refused to take up the responsibility of compulsory education, but accepted the policy of removal of illiteracy and urged the provincial governments to take early steps to provide free elementary education to the poor and more backward sections.

Answer 237

42,(b) A is right as the congress rejected the Cripps proposals as it recommended dominion status instead of complete independence after the World War II. The mission consisted solely of whites.

Answer 238

43,(a) Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920. It progressed powerfully from 1920 – Feb, 1922. But the attack on a local police station by angry peasants at Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur district of UP on Feb 5, 1922 led Gandhi to stop the movement.

Answer 239

44,(c) The Interim Government was formed on September 2, 1946. With Muslim League joining the interim government, the second highest-ranking League politician Liaquat Ali Khan became the head of the Department of Finance. Abdur Rab Nishtar headed the Departments of Posts and Air and Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar headed the Department of Commerce. The League nominated a Scheduled Caste Hindu politician Jogendra Nath Mandal to lead the Department of Law.

Answer 240

45,(c) Indian National Congress had worked hard to secure freedom but it came at the cost of partition. They accepted partition not because of its lust for immediate power but because of prevailing dynamics in India, which made acceptance the only practical decision. Indian National Congress wanted to avoid large-scale communal riots.

Answer 241

46,(b) At the time of India's independence, Mahatma Gandhi was not the member of the congress. Gandhi was trying hard in Calcutta to end the violence that had torn the nation apart. He even refused to participate in any festivities - along with his protege Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Answer 242

47,(b) ‘Abinava Bharat’ a secret society of revolutionaries was organised in 1904 by VD Sabarkar.

Answer 243

48,(c) Time span of given acts: Indian Councils Act of 1861 – 31 years; Indian Councils Act of 1892 – 17 years; Indian Councils Act of 1909 – 10 years; Government of India Act 1919 – 16 years

Answer 244

49,(d) Cabinet Mission reached Delhi on March 24, 1946. It put forward its own proposals in May 1946.

Answer 245

50,(c) S.C. Bose and the socialists argued that the war was an imperialist one since both sides were fighting for gaining or defending colonial territories. Therefore the question of supporting either of the two sides did not arise. Instead advantage should be taken of the situation to wrest freedom by immediately starting a Civil Disobedience Movement.

Answer 246

51,(c) Cabinet Mission Plan came into being in May 1946. Sardar Patel was totally in favor of cabinet Mission Plan.

Answer 247

52,(b) Surendranath Banerji cleared the competitive examination in 1869, but was barred owing to a dispute over his exact age. After clearing the matter in the courts, Banerjee cleared the exam again in 1874 and was posted as assistant magistrate in Sylhet. However, Banerjee was dismissed soon from his job owing to racial discrimination. Satyendranath Tagore in 1863 became the first Indian to qualify the ICS.

Answer 248

53,(a) Imperial Preference (later Commonwealth Preference) was a proposed system of reciprocally-levelled tariffs or free trade agreements between different Dominions and Colonies within the British Commonwealth of Nations. The purpose of such practices was to promote the mutual prosperity, and thus unity, of allied imperial nations. So the best answer is a.

Answer 249

54,(a) This movement placed the demand for independence on the immediate agenda of national movement. After Quit India, there could be no going back. In this struggle, common people displayed unparalleled heroism. That’s why Lord Linlithgow (1936–44) described the Quit India Movement as the most serious revolt after the sepoy mutiny.

Answer 250

b rowlatt satyagraha

Answer 251

56,(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak described the method of three P’s – Prayer, petition and protest as political mendicancy. He propagated militancy and not mendicancy.

Answer 252

57,(a) Here the best possible answer is a.

Answer 253

58,(c) Aitcheson was the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, under The British India. This statement was made by him. He indirectly accepted the Hindu-Muslim unity factor of revolt1857.

Answer 254

59,(a) In the Act of 1935 provincial autonomy replaced diarchy. The GIA, 1919 provided for diarchy at the Centre as well as in the provinces.

Answer 255

60,(a) In Japan INA came into existence in March, 1942 under the leadership of Mohan Singh. The idea of INA was first conceived in Malaya.

Answer 256

61,(b) Mountbatten Plan came into existence on June 3, 1947. Gandhi ji suggested that he should invite Jinnah to form the government rather than partition of India.

Answer 257

62,(d) Tripura State, also known as Hill Tipperah was a princely state in India during the period of the British Raj and for some two years after the departure of the British. The state became involved in the freedom movement early in the 20th century because there were already some groups fighting against the Kingship and its protector, the British.

Answer 258

63,(c) Gandhi ji returned from South Africa in 1915 and in 1917 he launched his first successful Satyagraha in Champaran in Bihar against the indigo planters at the request of Raj Kumar Shukla.

Answer 259

64,(a) Chittagong Armoury Raid – April 1930; Abhinav Bharat–1904; Anushilan Samiti – (1902, Calcutta)

Answer 260

65,(a) This movement placed the demand for independence on the immediate agenda of national movement. After Quit India, there could be no return. In this struggle, common people displayed unparalleled heroism. That’s why Lord Linlithgow (1936-44) described the Quit India Movement as the most serious revolt after sepoy mutiny.

Answer 261

66,(c) R is incorrect as early nationalists fought for the rights of common people.

Answer 262

67,(d) In 1938, Haripura session by S.C. Bose

Answer 263

68,(a) The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. At the time of partition of India, Punjab came forward with a plan for a united and independent existence.

Answer 264

69,(c) Balkan Plan (1947) was the brain child of Mountbatten. This plan envisaged the transfer of power to separate provinces with Punjab and Bengal given the option to vote for partition of their provinces. The partioned units thus formed will have the choice to join India or Pakistan or remaining independent.

Answer 265

70,(b) Sarojini Naidu was the second woman to be the President of the Congress (1925, Kanpur) first being Annie Beasant (1917, Calcutta). A.O. Hume was the founder of INC in 1885. Alfred Webb was the President of the Congress in 1894 at Madras. C.R. Das acted as the President in 1921 in Ahmedabad session.

Answer 266

71,(b) Hunter Commission was appointed after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April 1919). A separate Hunter Commission (1882-83) emphsised on primary and secondary education.

Answer 267

72,(b) Before any of the main political parties in India, CPI raised the demand of complete independence. At the 1921 session (36th) of the INC held at Ahmedabad, the party made its presence known among the delegates through the distribution of a manifesto. The manifesto, signed by M. N. Roy and Abani Mukherjee, demanded complete independence from British rule and asked the INC to sever all connections with the British Empire and offer full support to the struggles of the working class and peasantry. The manifesto was mailed to other parts of the country also. The influence that the manifesto exerted on the delegates and participants could be seen from the fact that a radical Congressman, Maulana Hazrat Mohani, moved a resolution in favour of complete Independence.

Answer 268

73,(b) The raid was conducted in April 1930 by Surya Sen and involved 65 activists under the banner of Indian Republican army – Chittagong Branch. Surya Sen was arrested in Feb 1933 and hanged in Jan 1934.

Answer 269

74,(b) Syed Ameer Ali established a branch of the League in London in 1908, supporting the same objectives.

Answer 270

75,(c) The All India States Peoples’ Conference was a political organization in India during the British Raj. The first session of the organisation was held in Bombay in December 1927. Nehru was its president between 1935–1947.

Answer 271

76,(a) Liakat Hussain did not lead the Barisal movement of peasant. Barisal movement was for salt breaking during civil disobedience movement.

Answer 272

77,(c) The All-India Muslim League founded at Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh), in the Bengal Presidency, in 1906. It supported the partition of Bengal to create a majority of Muslims after partition of the province.

Answer 273

78,(d) The real intention of the British to include the princely states in the Federal Union proposed by the India Act of 1935 was to use the princes to counter balance the anti imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders.

Answer 274

79,(b) Acharya J.B. Kriplani was the Indian National Congress President (Nov, 1946 – Dec 1947). In 1946, the INC session was held at Merrut.

Answer 275

80,(c) The Communal Award was announced by British PM, Ramsay McDonald in August 1932. August Offer - 1940; Under Doctrine of Lapse, Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur and Awadh. Government of India Act 1919, introduced diarchy during the viceroyality of Chelmsford.

Answer 276

81,(d) Khudai Khidmatgars were organized by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi). Khudai Khidmatgar literally translates as the servants of God, represented a non-violent freedom struggle against the British Empire by the Pashtuns (also known as Pathans, Pakhtuns or Afghans) of the North-West Frontier Province.

Answer 277

82,(a) The labour leaders were influenced by communist ideology and considered INC as bourgeoisie and reactionary. That's why their participation in the Indian nationalist upsurge was limited.

Answer 278

83,(c) Cabinet Mission (1946) was the last opportunity to avoid the partition of India with the formation of interim Government. But Muslim League rejected the plan even though they won 73 out of 78 seats in the interim government. They did not attend the first meeting of Constituent Assembly on Dec 9, 1946.

Answer 279

84,(c) The members of the Constituent Assembly which drafted the Constitution of India were to be elected by provincial assemblies under the system of proportional representation.

Answer 280

85,(b) Interim government was formed on Sept 2, 1946 as per Cabinet mission proposal. It was headed by Jawahar Lal Nehru.

Answer 281

86,(a) The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat was led by Vallabhbhai Patel. The women of Bardoli gave him the title of Sardar.

Answer 282

87,(d) Rowlatt Act was passed in March, 1919. The act authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law. Maulana Mohd. Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resigned from the legislative council in 1919 during the Khilafat Movement and not in 1916.

Answer 283

88,(d) In 1931, the Congress Session at Karachi endorsed (not opposed) Gandhi-Irwin Pact. It was presided over by Vallabh Bhai Patel.

Answer 284

89,(b) Statement d is incorrect as any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate union. Cripps Mission provides for an Indian Union with a dominion status after the second world war; which would be free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth and free to participate in the United Nations and other international bodies.

Answer 285

90,(d) When Congress leaders condemned the Montagu-Chelmsford Report (July, 1918), many moderates led by Surendra Nath Banerjea left the party to form Indian Liberal Federation in 1919.

Answer 286

91,(b) Provincial autonomy replaced diarchy. The Governor could refuse assent to bill, promulgate ordinances, and enact governor's acts. Statement 3 is incorrect as separate electorates based on communal representation persisted in the GIA, 1935.

Answer 287

92,(c) Statement 1 is incorrect as first session was held in 1885 at Bombay (not in Calcutta) under the presidentship of W.C. Banerjee. The second session was held in Calcutta. Lucknow session in 1916 was presided over by A.C. Majumdaar.

Answer 288

93,(a) The first session of the Constituent Assembly of India was held on Dec 9, 1946.

Answer 289

94,(b) Montagu-Chelmsford or Montford Reforms which were announced in July, 1918 in line with the government policy contained in Montagu's statement (August, 1917) formed the basis of GIA, 1919.

Answer 290

95,(b) Maulana Hasrat Mohani proposed that Swaraj should be defined as complete independence free from all foreign control in 1921 when he was presiding over the session of All India Muslim League in Lucknow.

Answer 291

96,(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as a token of protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919).

Answer 292

97,(b) Chauri–Chaura–Feb 1922; Minto–Morley Reforms-1909; Dandi March – 1930; Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms–1918.

Answer 293

98,(b) Ghadr revolutionaries were based in San Francisco (North America) and branches along the US Coast and in the far East.

Answer 294

99,(c) Gandhiji asked the government servants not to resign but declare their allegiance to the Congress. Soldiers were asked not to leave their posts but not to fire.

Answer 295

100,(d) Congress ministeries were formed in Bombay, Madras, Central Provinces, Orissa, United Provinces, Bihar and later in NWFP and Assam also.

Answer 296

101,(b) At Lahore session (1929, President - J.L. Nehru) the working committee was authorised to launch a programme of Civil Disobedience.

Answer 297

102,(d) The other prominent persons include Abani Mukherjee and Mohd. Ali Mohd. Shafiq.

Answer 298

103,(b) Nehru drafted the resolution on Fundamental Rights. The Karachi Session was presided over by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel.

Answer 299

104,(c) UP Kisan Sabha was founded by Indra Narayani Dwivedi and Gauri Shankar Misra in 1918. MM Malviya supported their efforts.

Answer 300

105,(c) Champaran (First Civil Disobedience)–1917; Ahmedabad Mill Strike (First Hunger Strike)–March 1918; Kheda Satyagraha (First Non-Cooperation)– June 1918.

Answer 301

106,(b) Statement 1 is incorrect as Lord Wavell was the Viceroy when Shimla Conference took place in June, 1945.

Answer 302

107,(c) First Round Table Conference was held from Nov, 1930 - Jan 1931. Second Round Table Conference was held in Dec 1931 in London. Third Round Table Conference was held from Nov 1932 - Dec 1932. Indian National Congress did not participate in first and third RTC. Poona Pact was signed by B.R. Ambedkar in September, 1932. The pact abandoned separate electorates for the depressed classes. But the seats reserved for the depressed classes were increased in provincial as well as Central legislatures.

Answer 303

108,(d) Forward Bloc was founded on May 3, 1939. It was a left-wing nationalist political party with its stronghold in West Bengal.

Answer 304

109,(d) Provincial Autonomy replaced Diarchy. All India Federation was to comprise all British Indian provinces, all chief commissioner's provinces and Indian states.

Answer 305

110,(c) They also celebrated the first Independence day on January 26, 1930, which was the date later selected for the adoption of the Indian constitution.

Answer 306

111,(b) Madam Cama unfurled the National Flag at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, a city in Germany (not in Paris) on 21st August, 1907.

Answer 307

112,(c) After the Indian independence in 1947, Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first Indian President of India.

Answer 308

113,(c) Wavell Plan was proposed in Simla Conference in June 1945.

Answer 309

114,(c) Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April, 1919 during anti-Rowlatt agitation in Amritsar. Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919 which authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law. Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest against Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Answer 310

115,(c) Mahatma Gandhi first started his Satyagraha in India at Champaran in Bihar in 1917. He was requested by Rajkumar Shukla to look into the problems of poor peasants caused by the indigo planters of Champaran.

Answer 311

116,(d) The song was written in 1905 in Bangla. Rabindranath Tagore was the only person to write National Anthem of two countries, i.e. India and Bangladesh.

Answer 312

117,(c) In 1905, Gokhale had established the Servants of India Society. He had also rejected the title of knighthood and refused to accept a position in the Council of State.

Answer 313

118,(c) In January 1942, the Propaganda Ministry announced the formation of the “Indian National Army” (Jai Hind) in Berlin. At the end of July 1942, three hundred volunteers were issued German Army uniforms bearing a badge on the right arm which showed a leaping tiger superimposed on an Indian tricolour, surrounded by the legend “Freies Indien”. The men were then officially designated the “Free Indian Legion”.

Answer 314

119,(b) Suggested in June, 1945 by the Viceroy Lord Wavell in Shimla. It is also known as the Wavell Plan.

Answer 315

120,(a) K.G. Deshpande, a friend of Aurbindo from his Cambridge days, was in charge of a weekly, “Induprakash”, published from Bombay. He requested Sri Aurobindo to write upon the current political situation. Sri Aurobindo began writing a series of fiery articles under the title “New Lamps for Old”, strongly criticising the Congress for its moderate policy.

Answer 316

121,(c) He wrote a book entitled Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

Answer 317

122,(c) Lord Chelmsford (1916–1921) was governor general when the Rowlatt Act was passed in March, 1919.

Answer 318

123,(c) Following his education at Fergusson College in Pune, Kriplani worked as a schoolteacher before joining the freedom movement following Gandhi’s return from South Africa. He was a professor of English and History. Kripalani came in contact with Gandhi in 1917 during Champaran Satyagraha.

Answer 319

124,(a) The Al-Hilal was a newspaper established by Indian leader Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and used as a medium for criticism of the British Raj in India. The newspaper also espoused the cause of the Indian independence movement and exhorted Indian Muslims to join the movement. The newspaper was shut down under the Press Act of 1914.

Answer 320

125,(b) INC was formed on 28 Dec, 1885 in Bombay and its first session was held under the presidentship of W.C. Banerjee.

Answer 321

126,(b) Subh-e Azadi (Dawn of freedom) was written in August, 1947 after the partition of India.

Answer 322

127,(a) R explains A. As in September, 1939, the viceroy unilaterally declared that India was at war with Germany without bothering to consult any Indian leader. In protest, Congress ministeries resigned in October, 1939. Muslim league declared it as the Day of Delivarance.

Answer 323

128,(b) It was started in October 1940.

Answer 324

129,(b) The Cripps proposals did not include the provision for full independence for India but offered an Indian union with a dominion status. The Congress objected to the provision of dominion status instead of complete independence. After the war, a constituent assembly would be convened to frame a new constitution.

Answer 325

130,(c) There was an award of ₹5000 on her arrest. Later she was called the grand old lady of the independence movement.

Answer 326

131,(d) In March 1942, a mission headed by Stafford Cripps was sent to India with constitutional proposals to seek Indian support for the war by British PM, Winston Churchill.

Answer 327

132,(c) It was passed in March 1919, even though every single Indian member of the Central legislative council opposed it. It became a reason for Jallianwala Bagh tragedy of Amritsar on 13 April, 1919.

Answer 328

133,(c) Gandhi, on March 12, 1930 started March his from the Sabarmati Ashram with 72 people and reached Dandi (coastal Gujarat) on April 6, 1930, and broke the salt law by picking up a handful of salt at Dandi and announced the commencement of Civil Disobedience Movement.

Answer 329

134,(d) Gandhiji gave a call for do or die in 1942 during Quit India Movement. He said we shall either free India or die in the attempt; we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery.

Answer 330

135,(a) Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association was founded in 1917.

Answer 331

136,(b) This day was observed as a day of mourning throughout Bengal. People fasted, bathed in the Ganga and walked barefoot in processions singing Bande Mataram. People tied rakhis as a symbol of unity of the two halves of Bengal.

Answer 332

137,(b) Instrument of instructions under Government of India Act 1935 were instructions issued to Governors of the colonies or Governor in general by British government. Under the draft constitution these instructions were proposed to issue directives to state and central governments and adopted under Directive Principles of State policies.

Answer 333

138,(a) Simon Commission came in 1927. Diarchy was proposed in the GOI Act, 1919. And it was replaced with the Provincial Autonomy in the GOI Act, 1935.

Answer 334

139,(a) Dada Bhai Naoroji presided over the INC session at Calcutta in 1906 in which a resolution supporting the programme of swadeshi, boycott and national education was passed. Ras Behari Ghosh presided over the Surat session in 1907 in which congress was split into moderates and extremists.

Answer 335

140,(d) “In the last years of the war, Rajagopalachari was instrumental in negotiations between Gandhi and Jinnah. In 1944, he proposed a solution to the Indian Constitutional tangle. He prepared a formula for Congress-League cooperation. It was a tacit acceptance of the League’s demand for Pakistan. Gandhi supported the formula. But Jinnah was in favour of two-nation theory only.

Answer 336

141,(a) The government’s decision to partition Bengal was made public in December, 1903.The official reason given was that Bengal with a population of 78 million was too big to be administered. The government announced partition in July 1905. To boycott this, on Aug 7, 1905, formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement was made from the Calcutta townhall.

Answer 337

142,(b) Statement 1 is incorrect as it was Raj Kumar Shukla who requested Gandhi to come to Champaran to investigate the problems of peasants. Gandhi’s colleagues in this movement were JB Kriplani, Rajendra Prasad, Mazhar-ul-Haq, Mahadeo Desai, and Narhari Parekh.

Answer 338

143,(b) The Karachi session was presided by Sardar Patel. The congress adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy which represented the Party's Social, Economic and Political programme. It was later known as Karachi Resolution. Nehru had originally drafted it, but some Congress leaders thought it was too radical and it was redrafted.

Answer 339

144,(c) In March 1942, a mission headed by Stafford Cripps was sent to India with constitutional proposals to seek Indian support for the war by British PM, Winston Churchill.

Answer 340

145,(a) The "Bombay Manifesto" signed in 1936 by twenty-one Bombay businessmen, contained an open indictment of Nehru's preaching of socialist ideals, which were deemed prejudicial to private property and to the peace and prosperity of the country.

Answer 341

146,d On August 8, 1942, the Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee and here Gandhi made a call to participate people in non-violent way. It’s worth noting that the communists had opposed this movement and it virtually damaged the labour movement. Labour Unions under Communist influence had apparently decided against participation in the movement, there were large-scale strikes in mills at Kanpur, Jamshedpur and Ahmedabad. There was an indifference of the Labour Class, so the statement d is correct. The First statement in this question needs to be looked into. The Quit India Movement was basically promoted as a nonviolent and noncooperative movement but it was not non-violent. There were various events in which Police station, Railway Stations, Railway Lines and Post-Offices were burnt and destroyed.

Answer 342

147,(a) However, a famine had struck the district and a large part of Gujarat, and virtually destroyed the agrarian economy. The poor peasants had barely enough to feed themselves, but the British government of the Bombay Presidency insisted that the farmers not only pay full taxes, but also pay the 23% increase stated to take effect that year.

Answer 343

148,(b) The statement a is incorrect because from Ruskin’s writing Gandhi derived the message that “the job of a lawyer is equal to a job of a barber, and both have the right to earn their livelihood”. Statement b is correct because Gandhi clearly mentioned in one of his writings that The good of the individual is contained in the good of all, this is something which inspired him to translate the book into “Sarvodaya”. Statement c is incorrect, what Gandhi derived from this book was of a “life of labour” and not life of celibacy. Celibacy or Brahmacharya was something which actually came out of his own guilt beginning as early as the days of death of his father”.

Answer 344

149,(a) Usha Mehta (March 25, 1920 – August 11, 2000) was a renowned Gandhian and freedom fighter of India. She is also remembered for operationalizing the Congress Radio, also called the Secret Congress Radio, an underground radio station, which functioned for a few months during the Quit India Movement of 1942.

Answer 345

150,(b) Nehru Report did not provide for separate electorates for any community or weightage for minorities, but yes, it talks of Joint electorates. It also talks for Bills of Rights.

Answer 346

151,(d) The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people.

Answer 347

152,(b) Because the Indian National Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose.

Answer 348

153,(b) The parties established by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar were - All India Scheduled Castes Federation and the Independent Labour Party.

Answer 349

154,(c) Mahatma Gandhi undertook a fast unto death in 1932, against Ramsay Macdonald's Announcement of the Communal Award.

Answer 350

155,(a) He exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British.

Answer 351

156,(a) Only the 1st statement is correct.

Answer 352

157,(c) The 1st and 3rd are correct.

Answer 353

158,(b) The act had provisions for imprisonment without trial and summary procedures for trial.

Answer 354

159,(a) The Tebhaga movement is a peasant movement in the history of Bengal and India. It was a movement of the peasants who demanded two-thirds share of their produce for themselves and one-third share to the landlord.

Answer 355

160,(c) Annie Besant had formed and led the Home Rule Movement as she was influenced by the Irish Home Rule League. She also became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1917. But she was not the founder of the Theosophical Society; rather, she was the second President of the society. The founder was Henry Steel Olcott.

Answer 356

161,(c) In November 1927, the British government appointed the Indian statutory commission, known popularly after the name of its chairman as the Simon Commission. All the members of the commission were Englishmen. This announcement was greeted with a chorus of protest from all Indians. What angered them most was the exclusion of Indians from the commission and the basic notion behind this exclusion was that foreigners would discuss and decide upon India’s fitness for Self-government.

Answer 357

162,(b) The British Government sent a delegation to India under Sir Stafford Cripps, to negotiate with the Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total cooperation during the war, in return for progressive devolution and distribution of power from the Crown and the Viceroy to an elected Indian Legislature. The talks failed, as they did not address the key demand of a timetable of self-government and of the definition of the powers to be relinquished, essentially making an offer of limited dominion status that was wholly unacceptable to the Indian movement.

Answer 358

163,(b) The 1929 Session of the Indian National Congress is of significance in the history of the Freedom Movement because the attainment of Poorna Swaraj was adopted as the goal of the Congress.

Answer 359

164,(a) Surat split is an important event in the modern history of India. It took place in 1907 when the moderates parted company with the Extremists. The split in the Congress was due to many reasons. The Moderates had controlled the Congress from its very beginning and had their own ways of thinking and doing which were not acceptable to the younger generations who were impatient with the speed at which the moderates were moving and leading the nation. This was the time of the Swadeshi Movement.

Answer 360

165,(d) All statements are wrong.

Answer 361

166,(b) The Rowlatt committee was a Sedition Committee appointed in 1918 by the British Indian Government with Mr. Justice Rowlatt, an English judge, as its president. The purpose of the committee was to evaluate political terrorism in India, especially in Bengal and Punjab. In organizing his satyagraha, Gandhi tried to utilize three types of political networks - The Home Rule Leagues, Certain pan-Islamist groups, and a Satyagraha Sabha which he himself started in Bombay on 24 February.

Answer 362

167,(b) C. Rajagopalachari organized a march from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast to break the salt law in April 1930.

Answer 363

168,(b) Annie Besant was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress. She presided over the 1917 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. Badruddin Tyabji was the "First Muslim" to become the "President of Indian National Congress".

Answer 364

169,(a) (i) The British Government’s decision to partition Bengal had been made public in December 1903. (ii) The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was an effort by Indian people to oppose British rule. It began when British officials separated the Bengal province, dividing it by Bengali, Hindi, and Oriya languages and Muslim and Hindu religions. Indians responded by boycotting British products and using only Indian-made goods. (iii) Swadeshi and Boycott started against the Partition of Bengal in 1905. Ref: Disha’s Crack CSAT Paper-1, 2016(4th Edition) Page H-227.

Answer 365

170,(c) New NCERT Std. 8, Our Past-III, Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside lists the following combinations: Lord Cornwallis: Permanent settlement system (1793). So, #1 is wrong, and by elimination, we are left with answer "C".

Answer 366

171,(b) Tamil Nadu board History Textbook Class 12, page 142 • Madras Mahajansabha (1884) was set up by M. Viraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer, and P. Ananda Charlu. So pair #2 is wrong, this eliminates "C" and "D". • India Association (1876): Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. So, #3 is right. Only Option B fits this combination.

Answer 367

172,(d) Government of India Act 1919 provided for dyarchy in provinces, i.e., provincial subjects were classified into two parts: 1) transferred and 2) reserved.

Answer 368

173,(c) Correct chronology is 3-2-1. • 2nd RTC: 1931, September to December • Quit India movement: 1942, August. • RIN Mutiny: 1946, 18th February

Answer 369

174,(d) The Butler Committee (1927) was set up to examine the nature of the relationship between the states and the Government. Hence "D" is the fitting answer.

Answer 370

175,(d) The Trade Disputes Act of April 1929 imposed a system of tribunals and tried to ban strikes 'undertaken for objects other than furtherance of a trade dispute or if designed to coerce Government and/or inflict hardships on the community.' Hence "D" is the answer.

Answer 371

176,(b) Lord Ripon introduced the Factory Act of 1881 to improve the service conditions of the factory workers in India. The Act banned the appointment of children below the age of seven in factories. It reduced the working hours for children. It made compulsory for all dangerous machines in the factories to be properly fenced to ensure security to the workers. So statement #1 is wrong. • In Bombay, middle-class philanthropic efforts to improve labour conditions began fairly early with N.M. Lokhende starting weekly Dinabandhu in 1880….and even starting a Bombay Mill-hands Association in 1890. So, statement #2 is right. Hence "B" is the answer.

Answer 372

177,(c) Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Indian Home Rule League in the US in 1916 (TN History Class 12 book, page 150). So, he's the closest match. ICSE History textbook class 10 page 110 confirms that he indeed wrote those biographies Mazzini, Garibaldi et al.

Answer 373

178,(c) • NEW NCERT Class 12 Themes-III page 272: It was after the Santhal Revolt (1855-56) that the Santhal Pargana was created, carving out 5,500 square miles from the districts of Bhagalpur and Birbhum. The colonial state hoped that by creating a new territory for the Santhals and imposing some special laws within it, the Santhals could be conciliated. So statement#1 is right. • After the revolt was suppressed, the British government passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act (SPT), which prohibits the transfer of land. So, statement#2 is also right.

Answer 374

179,(c) Option (a), (b), and (d) are irrelevant to Champaran Satyagrah.

Answer 375

180,(a) Upon repeated instance from home rule leaguers, Gandhi did accept the presidency of the Home Rule League only in 1920 and changed its name to "Swarajya Sabha". While we are at it, let's also gain knowledge about the wrong statements, lest it's asked in the future exam! • South India Liberal Federation (SILF), aka Justice Party, as was officially known at the time of its founding in 1916. EV Ramaswamy Naicker aka Periyar is a prominent personality associated with it. • The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra, on June 12, 1905, by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who left the Deccan Education Society to form this association. • Hindu Mahasabha was founded by Madan Mohan Malviya and some Punjabi leaders in 1915.

Answer 376

181,(c) Programme of Swadeshi: On August 15, 1906, the National Council of Education was set up to organise a system of education- literary, scientific and technical-on national lines and under national control. The swadeshi spirit also found expression in the establishment of swadeshi textile mills, soap and match factories, tanneries, banks, insurance companies, shops, etc. So, both 1 and 2 are correct.

Answer 377

182,(b) Called by Viceroy Chelmsford to a War Conference in Delhi in April 1918, Gandhi said in one-sentence speech that he supported recruitment for the war. So, #2 is wrong, by elimination we get answer (b).

Answer 378

183,(d) P.C. Joshi was C.P.I. General Secretary. And K.C. Neogy was a member of the Constituent Assembly from W.Bengal. Only in Option '(d)' this combination is available.

Answer 379

184,(d) 1890s: under the leadership of Birsa Munda, the Mundas of the Chota Nagpur Plateau rebelled against the British. It was called Ulgulan.

Answer 380

185,(a) • This is not available in routine preparation books. Upon searching the internet, “Desher Katha was a book largely based on the ideas of Naoroji and Digby. It presented the vices of British rule, the mean of the peasants, the ruin of Indian industry, and the British empire’s hypnotic quest over mind. #1 is correct. • Deuskar in his book, opposed the partition of Bengal. But, The overall theme of his book is not confined to So, the answer should be “(a)”.

Answer 381

186,(b) • Gandhi-Irwin Pact- 5th March 1931- Also known as the Delhi Pact • Outcome of the Congress starting the Civil Disobedience Movement • Solution by Viceroy Irwin- proposed congress to suspend civil disobedience movement and participate in the second meeting of the round table conference • Gandhiji also demanded the release of political prisoners not convicted of violence from jails and other demands of withdrawal of ordinances • Enquiry into the police excess was not part of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.