Upper ailmentary canal Flashcards
PNS positioning
2.5 cm behind canthus of eye
position like a lateral skull
Clinical indications for PNS
enlarged adenoids
speech disorder
tumour
localisation for radiotherapy
Soft tissue neck
5 cm below gonion
Performed during valsalva
CI for soft tissue neck
tumour bone retropharyngeal abscess diverticulum speech disorder localisation for radiotherapy
Oesophagus
situation between C6 and T11
rotate 40 degrees RAO to project it off the spine
Use barium swallow
CI for oesophagus
Benign peptic ulcer
Ulcerative carcinoma
hiatus hernia (sliding or rolling)
stomach xray
Can’t eat, drink, smoke 8 hours before examination
Endoscopy vs single barium meal
endoscopy has a higher diagnostic value
Endoscopy and a double contrast barium meal
both have similar diagnostic properties but barium meal is safer, quicker, more comfortable, permanent record can be kept
What is the ligament of Treitz?
It is a ligament which holds the duodenal-jejunal flexure in place. It goes behind the pancreas and attached to the spine and diaghram.
What is the shape of the duodenum?
C shaped starting off with a cap
Which quadrant is the jejunum located?
Located primarily left of the midline in the upper and lower quadrants of the abdomen
Where is the ileum located?
Situated in the mid-abdomen and pelvis & extends into RT iliac fossa (RIF)
The plicae circularis are more larger and prevalent where?
in the duodenum and jejunum, they diminish in size considerably in the mid-ileum and are almost entirely absent in the terminal ileum
When should barium be used?
Pregnancy
chance of intestinal perf
Possible upcoming abdominal surgery
