Upper and Lower Limbs

Question 1

Name the two bones of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Clavicle and Scapula

Question 2

What does the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 2

Sternum and acromion of scapula

Question 3

What does the scapula articulate with?

Answer 3

Humerus at the glenoid fossa

Acromion - clavicle

Question 4

What is the bone of the upper arm?

Answer 4

Humerus

Question 5

What are the two bones of the forearm?

Answer 5

The radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial)

Question 6

Where does the humerus articulate distally?

Answer 6

Ulnar - at the trochlea

Radius - at the rounded capitulum

Question 7

Where does the radial articulate?

Answer 7

Scaphoid and Lunate carpal bones

Question 8

What bone is the olecranon part of?

Answer 8

The ulnar bone

Question 9

Where does the ulnar articulate with the radius?

Answer 9

At the radial notch

Question 10

How many carpal bones are there?

Answer 10

8 (Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle)

Question 11

Moving radial to ulnar in the 2 rows what are the carpal bones?

Answer 11

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Question 12

How many metacarpal bones are there?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

Name the two joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 13

Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

Question 14

What two ligaments stabilise the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 14

Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

Question 15

What 4 muscles are involved in wrist flexion (wrist dropped)?

Answer 15

Flexor carpi radialis (median nerve), Palmaris longus (median nerve), Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve) and Long flexors of digits

Question 16

What 3 muscles are involved in wrist extension? ( wrist bent back)

Answer 16

Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Lng extensors of digits

Question 17

What 3 muscles are involved in radial deviation (abduction)

Answer 17

Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis
Long flexor and extensor of the thumb

Question 18

What 2 muscles are involved in ulnar deviation?

Answer 18

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 19

What ligaments reinforce the joint capsule of the hip? Which is the strongest?

Answer 19

Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral and Ischiofemoral - iliofemoral is the strongest

Question 20

Where does the patellar ligament insert onto?

Answer 20

The tibial tuberosity

Question 21

Where does most of the blood supply to the knee come from?

Answer 21

Genicular arteries of the popliteal artery

Question 22

Where does psoas major arise from?

Answer 22

Transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae and sides of T12-L5 vertebra

Question 23

What is the action of psoas major and what muscle does it “blend” with?

Answer 23

Flexion of the thigh at the hip and flexion of the trunk at the hip and blends with ilacus

Question 24

What innervates psoas major?

Answer 24

L1-L3

Question 25

Where does your tensor fascia latae originate and insert?

Answer 25

From ASIS to iliotibial tract - lateral condyle of tibia

Question 26

What is the action of TFL?

Answer 26

flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh at the hip But chiefly hip flexion

Question 27

What is the action of rectus femoris and what is its innervation?

Answer 27

Hip flexion but primarily knee extension | Innervated by femoral nerve - L2,3 and 4

Question 28

What is the pectineus innervated by?

Answer 28

Femoral nerve

Question 29

What is the action of pectineus?

Answer 29

Adduction and flexion of the thigh at the hip joint | assists medial rotation

Question 30

What are the adductors of the hip and what is their innervation?

Answer 30

Obturator nerve | Longus, brevis and magnus

Question 31

What is the action of gluteus maximus and what is it innervated by?

Answer 31

Powerful extensor and lateral rotator of thigh at the hip joint Innervated by superior gluteal nerve

Question 32

Where does the piriformis muscle arise from?

Answer 32

THe anterior surface of the 2nd-4th sacral segments and the sacrotuberous ligament

Question 33

Where does the piriformis insert?

Answer 33

By round tendon into the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 34

Where does the piriformis pass through and why is this of clinical relevance?

Answer 34

It passes through the greater sciatic forament in close relationship with the sciatic nerve - hypertrophy or spasm of this muscle can cause sciatica

Question 35

Where does the femoral nerve arise from and what generally does it innervate?

Answer 35

L2,3 and 4 and innervates the extensors of the knee

Question 36

Where does the obturator nerve arise from and what generally does it innervate?

Answer 36

L2,3 and 4 and innervates the adductors of the hip in the medial compartment

Question 37

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

Answer 37

ALl the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

Question 38

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve and what do they innervate?

Answer 38

Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves that innervate all muscles below the knee

Question 39

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

Answer 39

The external iliac artery

Question 40

What roots form the brachial plexus?

Answer 40

C5-T1 spinal nerves

Question 41

What do the 5 roots of the brachial plexus give rise to?

Answer 41

3 trunks: Sup, Mid, Inf 3 anterior and 3 posterior divisions which form 3 cords: lateral, posterior and medial These then give rise to the 5 terminal branches

Question 42

What is an Erb's palsy?

Answer 42

Upper plexus injury affecting largely the muscles of the shoulder and arm and present as an extended elbow and wrist drop but normal grasp

Question 43

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 43

Extensor compartment of the arm, the triceps and anconeus

Question 44

What two nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles on the anterior side of the hand?

Answer 44

Median and ulnar nerves

Question 45

What are the two largest superficial veins of the arm?

Answer 45

Cephalic vein and basilic vein

Question 46

What vein passes across the anterior cubital fossa and what does it join?

Answer 46

Median cubital vein and joins the cephalic and basilic veins

Question 47

What does the cephalic vein drain into?

Answer 47

The axillary vein

Question 48

What are the three main muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm? Whats the innervation?

Answer 48

BBC - Biceps, bracialis and coracobracialis | Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 49

What muscle forms the base of the cubital fossa?

Answer 49

Brachialis

Question 50

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 50

Flexion and adduction of the elbow and arm

Question 51

What is the action of biceps brachii?

Answer 51

Flexion and supination at the elbow

Question 52

What is the action of brachialis

Answer 52

Major flexor at the elbow

Question 53

What muscles are contained within the posterior compartment of the upper arm? What is the innervation and main action?

Answer 53

Triceps brachii, extension, radial nerve | anconeus and brachioradialis?

Question 54

What is the action of anconeus?

Answer 54

Assists triceps, stabilises elbow joint

Question 55

What is the action of brachioradialis?

Answer 55

In between both compartments, innervated by radial nerve but flexes forearm

Question 56

What is the blood supply to the arm (pathway)

Answer 56

SVC --> axillary artery after lateral margin of the 1st rib --> Brachial artery + Profunda brachii -> radial and ulnar --> superficial and deep palmar arches

Question 57

What are the 3 parts of the axillary artery?

Answer 57

Superior thoracic (above teres minor) Thoraco-acromial Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries which go around the surgical neck of the humerus

Question 58

Where does the profunda brachii artery run and what does it supply?

Answer 58

Runs in the radial groove of humerus and supplies posterior compartment of the arm. Also gives two collaterals to the lateral epicondyle