Upper limb 1: Brachial plexus Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

The brachial plexus is formed from which ventral rami?

A

C5 - T1

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2
Q

The brachial plexus emerges from between which 2 muscles?

A

Scalenus anterior

Scalenus medius

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3
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus are wrapped around what?

A

Axillary artery

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4
Q

Compression of the interscalene groove can result in which pathology?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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5
Q

Which muscle is a useful landmark to determine where the important structure in the axilla are positioned?

A

Coracobrachialis

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6
Q

What is the brachial plexus wrapped in?

A

Axillary sheath

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7
Q

The axillary sheath connects to a fascial space which surrounds what?

A

Vertebral column

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8
Q

The axillary nerve is associated with which anatomical part of the humerus?

With which artery?

A

Neck of the humerus

Posterior circumflex humoral artery

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9
Q

The radial nerve is associated with which bony landmark of the humerus?

With which artery?

A

Spiral groove (posterior)

Profunda brachia artery

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10
Q

The median nerve is associated with which artery?

A

Brachial artery

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11
Q

What are the 5 parts the brachial plexus can be divided into?

A

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

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12
Q

Which 2 ventral rami form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 + C6

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13
Q

Which ventral rami forms the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

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14
Q

Which 2 ventral rami form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 + T1

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15
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior
Posterior

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16
Q

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

17
Q

What are the 5 main branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Axillary nerve

18
Q

Which 3 nerves form the ‘M’ shape at the end of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar

19
Q

The radial nerve carries which nerve rami?

A

C5 - T1 (all)

20
Q

Which 2 rami is brachioradialis innervated by?

21
Q

Which 2 rami are the triceps innervated by?

22
Q

Which part of the brachial plexus is most commonly involved in thoracic outlet syndrome?

23
Q

A lung apex tumour is most likely to compress which root of the brachial plexus?

24
Q

Which part of the brachial plexus is damaged in Erb’s palsy?

A

C5 / C6 roots / upper trunk

25
Which symptoms would you get with Erb's palsy?
Medially rotated shoulder Pronated forearm Flexed wrist Wasting of deltoid and anterior arm C5 + C6 sensory loss
26
What are the 5 main nerve branches which are formed mainly from C5 + C6 roots?
Dorsal scapular nerve Suprascapular nerve Lateral pectoral nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Axillary nerve
27
Damage to which nerve would limit lateral shoulder rotation?
Suprascapular nerve
28
Damage to which nerve would weaken medial shoulder rotation + adduction?
Lateral pectoral nerve
29
Damage to which nerve would weaken the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
30
Damage to which nerve would weaken deltoids + teres minor?
Axillary nerve
31
Which part of the brachial plexus is damaged in Klumpke's palsy?
C8 / T1 roots / lower trunk
32
Which symptoms would you get with Klumpke's palsy?
Wasting of the small muscles of the hand Clawing of digit 2 to digit 5 Changed resting position of the thumb C8 + T1 sensory loss
33
List 3 ways the median nerve is most likely to be damaged.
Laceration to the medial arm or anterior wrist Brachial artery aneurysm Carpal tunnel syndrome
34
List 2 ways the axillary nerve is most likely to be damaged.
Dislocation of the shoulder Fracture of surgical neck of the humerus
35
List 3 ways the radial nerve is most likely to be damaged.
Crutches Fracture of humeral shaft through spiral groove Dislocated head / neck of radius (mainly affect posterior interosseous branch)
36
List 3 ways the ulnar nerve is most likely to be damaged.
Fracture of medial humeral condyle Cubital tunnel syndrome Penetrating injury to medial side of anterior wrist