Upper Limb - Axilla and Neurovascular Input to the Upper Limb

Question 1

What is the Axilla

Answer 1

The Axilla is the pyramidal space below the shoulder joint. It provides a passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb

Question 2

The Anterior Wall of the Axilla is made up of

Answer 2

Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor

Question 3

The Posterior Wall of the Axilla is made up of

Answer 3

Scapularis muscle, Teres Major and Lattisimus Dorsi

Question 4

The Medial wall of the Axilla is made up of

Answer 4

Serratus Anterior Muscle

Question 5

The Lateral Wall of the Axilla is made up of

Answer 5

The intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 6

The Axillary Artery is the continuation of what artery

Answer 6

The subclavian

Question 7

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin

Answer 7

The outer border of the first rib

Question 8

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla to form

Answer 8

The brachial artery

Question 9

At what anatomical point does the brachial artery begin

Answer 9

The inferior border of the teres major tendon and ends at the neck of the radius 1cm distal to the elbow joint

Question 10

The Brachial Plexus is made up of

Answer 10

The ventral Rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

Question 11

The superior trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by which nerve roots

Answer 11

C5 and C6

Question 12

The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by which nerve roots

Answer 12

C7

Question 13

The inferior trunk of the brachial plexus if formed by which nerve roots

Answer 13

C8 and T1

Question 14

What area of the neck do the trunks of the brachial plexus cross

Answer 14

The posterior triangle

Question 15

Describe the divisions of the brachial plexus

Answer 15

Each of the trunks divide into two branches, one division travels anteriorly and the other travels posteriorly.

Question 16

The lateral chord of the brachial plexus is formed by

Answer 16

The anterior division of the superior trunk and the anterior division of the middle trunk

Question 17

The posterior chord is formed by

Answer 17

the posterior division of the superior trunk

The posterior division of the middle trunk and the posteior division of the inferior trunk

Question 18

the medial chord is formed by

Answer 18

The anterior division of the inferior trunk

Question 19

The Musculocutaneous Nerve is formed by what roots

Answer 19

C5,C6,C7

Question 20

What are the motor functions of the musculocutaenosu nerve

Answer 20

Innervates brachialis, biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles

Question 21

What are the sensory functions of the musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 21

Gives off the lateral cutaneous branch of the forearm, which innervates the lateral half of the anterior forearm, and a small lateral portion of the posterior forearm

Question 22

What are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve

Answer 22

C5 and C6

Question 23

What are the motor functions of the axillary nerve

Answer 23

Innervates teres minor and the deltoid muscles

Question 24

What are the sensory functions of the axillary nerve

Answer 24

Gives off the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, which innervates the inferior region of the deltoid

Question 25

What are the nerve roots of the median nerve

Answer 25

C6-T1

Question 26

What are the motor functions of the median nerve

Answer 26

Innervates most of the flexor muscles in the forearm, the thenar muscles, and the two lateral lumbricals that move the index and middle fingers

Question 27

What are the sensory functions of the median nerve

Answer 27

Gives off the palmar cutaneous branch, which innervates the lateral part of the palm, and the digital cutaneous branch, which innervates the lateral three and a half fingers on the anterior (palmar) surface of the hand

Question 28

Nerve roots of the radial nerve

Answer 28

C5-C8 and T1

Question 29

Motor functions of the radial nerve

Answer 29

Innervates the triceps brachii, and the extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

Question 30

Sensory functions of the radial nerve

Answer 30

nnervates the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm, and the posterior, lateral aspect of the hand.

Question 31

Roots of ulnar nerve

Answer 31

C8 and T1

Question 32

Motor functions of the ulnar nerve

Answer 32

Innervates the muscles of the hand (apart from the thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals), flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus.

Question 33

Sensory functions of the ulnar nerve

Answer 33

Innervates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial one and half fingers, and associated palm area

Question 34

Erbs Palsy occurs when

Answer 34

There is an excessive increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder

Question 35

Nerves effected in Erbs palsy

Answer 35

C5 or C6 roots

Question 36

State the muscles paralysed in Erbs Palsy

Answer 36

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subclavius, biceps brachii, brachiallis, coracobrachialis, deltoid and teres minor

Question 37

What motor functions are lost in Erbs Palsy

Answer 37

Abduction at the shoulder, lateral rotation of the arm, supination of the forearm and flexion at the shoulder

Question 38

What sensory functions are lost in Erbs palsy

Answer 38

Loss down the lateral side of the arm (axillary and musculocutaneous nerves)

Question 39

How does a limb effected by Erbs palsy appear

Answer 39

Medially rotated, limp limb and pronated forearm

Question 40

Klumpkes Palsy

Answer 40

Injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus resulting in damage to the intrinsic muscles of the hand and ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers