Upper Limbs 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Upper Limbs 2 Deck (18)
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1
Q

How is the brachial plexus arranged?

A

5 spinal nerves (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)

Form 3 trunks

Form 6 divisions

Form 3 chords

Form terminal branches and side branches

2
Q

What are the different trunks and divisions?

A

C5 and C6 form superior trunk

C7 forms middle trunk

C8 and T1 form inferior trunk

Each trunk has an anterior and posterior division

3
Q

What are the different cords?

A

Anterior division from superior and middle trunk forms the lateral cord

Anterior division from posterior cord forms the medial cord

All 3 posterior divisions form the posterior cord

4
Q

What are the different terminal branches?

A

Lateral cord forms musculocutaneous branch and lateral root which joins with medial root of medial cord to give median branch

Posterior cord gives rise to axillary and radial branch

Medial cord gives rise to ulnar banch

5
Q

Label the following

A
6
Q

How are the cords of the brachial plexus named?

A

Named based on their relationship to the axillary artery

E.g posterior cord is posterior to axillary artery

7
Q

What does the musculocutaneous branch innervate and what route does it take?

A

Muscular innervation to anterior muscles of arm

Cutaneous innervation to lateral forearm

Nerve enters axilla and enters anterior arm, piercing coracobrachialis to reach biceps and brachialis

Continues to cross elbow joint to innervate lateral arm- lateral cutanous nerve of forearm

8
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate and what route does it take?

A

Passes behind medial epicondyle- easily damaged here

Passes towards wrist to innervate flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Crosses wrist to enter hand

Innervates most of intrinsic muscles

Cutaneous innervation to medial part of hand incuding little finger and medial part of ring finger

9
Q

What does the median nerve innervate and what route does it take?

A

No innervation in arm

Crosses elbow to forearm where it supplies anterior forearm muscles

Inervates some intrinsic hand muscles

Cutaneous innervation of lateral hand and 3.5 digits (thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger)

Nerve crosses the wrist and enters hand via carpal tunnel- supplies thenar emminance and lateral 2 lumbricals as well as cutaneous innervation

10
Q

What does the radial and axillary nerve innervate and what route does it take?

A

Axillary: innervates deltoid muscle and upper lateral aspect of arm

Radial : innervates all arm and forearm posterior muscles, no intrisic hand muscles. Cutaneous branch in arm and forearm. Cutaneous innervation of lateral hand and 3.5 digits (thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger)

Radial nerve divides in elbow to give:

  • superficial branch- cutaneous to dorsolateral hand
  • deep branch- motor supply to posterior muscles of forearm
11
Q

What is the main arterial supply to the upper limb?

A

Most upper limb blood supply from subclavian artery

Becomes axillary artery on entering arm

Axillary artery seperated into 3 parts: Anterior and posterior circumflex circle superior arm. And scapular which is richly supplied

12
Q

Label the following arteries

A

Ulnar gives common interossesus artery which immediately branches to give anterior and posterior interosseus arteries

13
Q

Label the following

A
14
Q

How is venous return in the upper limb arranged?

A

Deep: accompany arteries

Superficial: in limb surfaces

Insteadof 1 vein theres many small veins known as venae comintantes

15
Q

Label the following

A
16
Q

What are venae comintantes?

A

Accompanying veins

Multiple veins form a network of much smaller veins with arteries they accompany

Allows heat exchange

Artery pulse promotes venous flow

17
Q

Label the following

A

Basilic and cephalic vein joined by median cubital vein (used to take blood)

18
Q

Label the following and what they drain

A

Cubital nodes: drain distal limb

Axillary nodes: drain lim and breast