Urban land use and urban challenges Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the four urban land zones
Core, inner city, suburbs, urban fringe
Describe the core
-also known as the central business district (CBD)
-oldest part of the city
-common land use is commercial with lots of shops and offices
-lots of entertainment and major transport hubs
Describe the inner city
-immediately outside the core
-original function was industrial but many factories have now closed
-lots of terraced homes
Describe the suburbs
-lies outside the inner city
-main land use is residential
-allows people to live in more pleasant locations outside inner city but still commute to centre for work
-houses are larger and lower density
Describe the urban fringe
-found off the edge of the urban area where town merges into countryside
-land uses include, new housing developments (residential), superstores and retail parks (commercial), industrial estates and business parks (industrial), golf courses
What do we tend to find as we move out from the core
-age of buildings decrease
-the density of development decreases
-architectural style changes
What is an example of the core in Guildford
High street friary centre (commercial)
What is an example of the inner city in Guildford
Rodboro buildings- renovated factory (entertainment and leisure)
What is an example of the suburbs in guildford
Merrow detached and semi detached houses (residential)
What is an example of the urban fringe in guildford
Slyfield industrial estate (industrial)
What 4 factors affect the development of urban land use patterns
Land values, shared locational needs, transport routes, wind direction
How do land value affect the development of urban land use patterns
-a site in a urban area is sold to the highest bidder
-there is usually greatest competition for land in the core as it is the most accessible
-this means the highest land values are found in the city centre including the peak land value intersect (PLVI)
-as high accessibility is crucial for shops and offices commercial land use dominates the core
What is the PLVI
The most expensive place in the city
How do shared locational needs affect the development of urban land use patterns
-retail and other commercial businesses cluster together in the core as they benefit from the high accessibility of the city centre
-manufacturing also benefits from good accessibility but has less buying power than shops and offices so are found outside the core along main roads
-residential land use has the lowest buying power so cluster in the suburbs
How does wind direction affect the development of urban land use patterns
-in the UK the south westerly wind often sees industry and lower quality houses located on the eastern sides of cities so the pollution from factories does not blow along the rest of the city
-the west end had less industry and more higher quality housing
How do transport routes affect the development of urban land use patterns
-transport routes offer good accessibility so locations near major roads, railways and rivers can be desirable for shops, offices and factories
-this can lead to sectors of land use like industry
-higher quality housing is located away from major transport routes
How does social class affect the inner city of Birmingham
-tends to have a higher concentration of people of a low social status
-terraced houses are small, there are higher levels of air pollution, higher crime rates
-people who can afford it move elsewhere and poorer members remain
-however inner cities which have undergone regeneration may be home to people of a higher social class as the houses are more expensive
How does social class affect the suburbs in Birmingham
-wealthier people are able to afford the nicest homes in the best locations such as ion the suburbs
-this means bigger houses, big gardens, clean air and lower crime rates
-there ois a high concentration of affluent people in the suburbs
How does social class affect the edge of urban areas in Birmingham
-contradicting the general patterns there are some highly deprived areas on the edge of urban areas
-this may be because edge of city council estates were built in the 1960’s to house people when inner city slums were demolished
How does ethnicity affect inner cities
-inner city areas are more likely to have a high concentration of ethnic minority groups
-when initial migration took place, migrants were likely to be poor and lacked high levels of education. The old inner city areas had cheaper housing and job availability in factories
-proximity to people who speak the same language and have same culture
-proximity to places of worship
-proximity to family and friends who have migrated at a earlier date
What has segregation by ethnicity caused
Multiculturalism meaning some areas becoming associated with a particular cuisine. However lack of mixing between ethnic groups can lead to racism, xenophobia and tension
How does ethnicity affect suburbs
The outer suburbs are likely to see higher concentrations of white British people. Many may have been original residents in inner city locations but were displace outwards by arrival of immigrant groups
Why might immigrants move to inner city areas
-inner cities have cheaper housing
-family members may have migrated and settled in area
-in 1950’s and 60’s there were lots of jobs in manufacturing
-cultural reasons
-religious convenience
-linguistic reasons
Name a developed country
Singapore
