Urinalysis 2

Question 1

For most of the routine investigations fresh mid stream specimen of _____urine is collected in a clean dry vial

Answer 1

10-20 ml

Question 2

T or F| There is no single all purpose preservative

Answer 2

True wlaa

Question 3

For determination of urea, ammonia, nitrogen and calcium

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid is used (2 N or concentrated HCL)

Question 4

For determination of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus, urea, ammonia, amino acids, creatinine, proteins, reducing substances and ketone bodies-____is used

Answer 4

Thymol

Question 5

For determination of Ascorbic acid- ________is used

Answer 5

Acetic acid

Question 6

is a very satisfactory preservative for urine

Answer 6

Toluene

Question 7

Normal urine contains ______ water and about_____ G/day of solid

Answer 7

90-95 %

60

Question 8

Colour- Freshly excreted urine is

Answer 8

colorless to straw colored

Question 9

The normal color of urine is due to the presence of pigment

Answer 9

urochrome

Question 10

Trances of other substances, such as-(4) also contribute to the color of urine

Answer 10

Uroerythrin
urobilin
uroporphyrin
coproporphyrins

Question 11

• Concentrated urine- Mild dehydration
• Vitamin B complex therapy

Answer 11

Dark yellow

Question 12

Drug induced

Answer 12

Orange

Question 13

Excessive beet root intake

Answer 13

Pinkish

Question 14

Jaundice

Answer 14

Deep yellow

Question 15

Haematuria

Answer 15

Reddish

Question 16

Hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria and porphyrias

Answer 16

Brownish

Question 17

Alkaptonuria

Answer 17

Brown to Black

Question 18

Pus cells and bacteria in infected cells

Answer 18

Cloudy

Question 19

Red blood cells

Answer 19

Smoky

Question 20

Iron therapy

Answer 20

Black

Question 21

Presence of urobilin – Hemolytic anemias

Answer 21

Pinkish brown

Question 22

Chyluria(Presence of fat globules)

Answer 22

Milky white

Question 23

Volume of urine

Normal volume-________ml/day

with an average of_____ ml/day.

Answer 23

800-2,500

1500

Question 24

Approximately____ ml/day is the minimum volume of urine needed in normal health to remove waste products

Answer 24

500

Question 25

The volume of urine is affected by:

Answer 25

•Fluid intake •Fluid loss •Type of diet •Cardio-vascular status and •Renal functions

Question 26

implies an increased volume of urine excreted per day, generally volume of urine exceeding 2,500 ml/day is termed as Polyuria.

Answer 26

Polyuria

Question 27

- Volume of urine less than 500 ml/day is termed oliguria.

Answer 27

Oliguria

Question 28

- Complete cessation of urine or volume of excreted urine less than 100 ml/day.

Answer 28

Anuria

Question 29

indicates the concentrating ability of the kidneys.

Answer 29

specific gravity

Question 30

In normal health the urinary specific gravity ranges between _______the average being____.

Answer 30

1.016-1.025 1.020

Question 31

Measures specific gravity

Answer 31

Urinometer

Question 32

Odor of urine • Normal urine has an_____ odor

Answer 32

aromatic

Question 33

Odor - On keeping sample for a long time

Answer 33

Ammoniacal Odor

Question 34

Odor - Ketonuria such as Diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation

Answer 34

Acetone like Odor

Question 35

______ Smell due to bacterial infections

Answer 35

Foul smell

Question 36

Normal urine is acidic pH ranges between______ with a mean of——- in 24 hours

Answer 36

4.5-8.0 6.0

Question 37

pH • A protein rich diet • Heavy exercise

Answer 37

Acidic

Question 38

pH • Heavy meals • Diet rich in citrus fruits • Excessive intake of milk and antacids

Answer 38

Alkaline

Question 39

pH Pathologically , It is found in conditions of acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, respiratory acidosis, and high fever (break down of tissue proteins)

Answer 39

Acidic

Question 40

pH Pathologically, it is found in- • Urinary tract infections • Conditions of alkalosis

Answer 40

Alkaline

Question 41

Urinary pH is measured by-

Answer 41

• pH papers • Litmus papers