Urinalysis

Question 1

What do you look for in GI of urine?

Answer 1

Color
Clarity
Smell

Question 2

Interpret urine color

Answer 2

Straw - normal
Dark – dehydration
Red – macroscopic hematuria
Brown – bile pigments, myoglobin

Question 3

Interpret urine clarity

Answer 3

Clear - normal
Cloudy - UTI
Frothy - nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

Interpret urine smell

Answer 4

Offensive - UTI

Sweet - glycosuria –> poorly controlled diabetes?

Question 5

What does pH in urine mean

Answer 5

Acidity of urine (decreased in systemic acidosis)

Question 6

What does specific gravity in urine mean

Answer 6

amount of solute dissolved in urine (decreased in diabetes insipidus)

Question 7

What does blood in urine mean

Answer 7

number of RBCs in urine (inc in haematuria)

Question 8

What do proteins in urine mean

Answer 8

level of protein in urine (inc in nephrotic syndrome)

Question 9

What do leukocytes in urine mean

Answer 9

WCC in urine (inc in UTI)

Question 10

What do ketones in urine mean

Answer 10

breakdown product of fatty acid metabolism (inc in starvation and diabetic ketoacidosis)

Question 11

What do nitrites in urine mean

Answer 11

breakdown products cause by gram -ve (inc in UTI)

Question 12

What does glucose in urine mean

Answer 12

inc. in hyperglycaemia i.e. poorly controlled diabetes