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Clinical Pathology and Parasitology > Urinalysis: Crystals > Flashcards

Urinalysis: Crystals Flashcards

1
Q

What are Struvite Crystals formed by?

A

magnesium, ammonium phosphate, triple phosphate (MAP)

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2
Q

What are Struvite crystals most common in? (animals, 2)

A
  1. dogs

2. cats

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3
Q

What pH range do Struvite Crystals prefer?

A

neutral - alkaline

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4
Q

How does a UTI affect Struvite Crystals?

A

urease-positive bacteria can promote struvite crystal formation

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5
Q

What are Bilirubin Crystals? (2)

A
  1. Form from conjugated bilirubin (water soluble)

2. Can precipitate into other formed elements in urine

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6
Q

What animals commonly have Bilirubin Crystals?

A

dogs

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7
Q

What animals are Bilirubin Crystals not normal? (4)

A
  1. cats
  2. horses
  3. cows
  4. camels
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8
Q

What animals are Calcium Carbonate crystals a normal find? (4)

A
  1. horses
  2. rabbits
  3. guinea pigs
  4. goats
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9
Q

What can Amorphous Crystals cause/lead to?

A

UTI

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10
Q

What minerals can cause Amorphous Crystals? (4)

A
  1. Na
  2. K
  3. Mg
  4. Ca
    (salts)
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11
Q

What pH do Amorphous Crystals need to form?

A

any pH

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12
Q

What does Amorphous Crystals signify? (2)

A
  1. no significant clinical interpretation

2. may need to change or modify diet

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13
Q

What pH does Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals prefer? (2)

A
  1. acidic pH

2. neutral-acidic pH

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14
Q

What do Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals indicate? (3)

A
  1. can be normal
  2. can be an artifact
  3. can lead to bladder stones
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15
Q

What breed of dog is predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals?

A

mini schnauzer

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16
Q

What causes Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals?

A
  1. antifreeze

2. ethylene glycol

17
Q

What animals can have Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals?

A
  1. hypercalciuria

2. paraneoplastic hypercalcemia with lymphoma

18
Q

What are Ammonium Urate Crystals also known as?

A

Thorn-apple crystals

19
Q

What pH do Ammonium Urate Crystals prefer?

A

neutral-alkaline pH

20
Q

When would you see Ammonium Urate Crystals in urine?

A

young animals with portosystemic shunts

21
Q

What can Ammonium Urate Crystals cause?

A

urate bladder stones

22
Q

What dog breeds are predisposed to Ammonium Urate Crystals?

A
  1. Dalmatians

2. bulldogs

23
Q

Are Cystine Crystals common to see?

A

not normal to see on a daily basis

24
Q

What can cause Cystine Crystals? (3)

A
  1. an inborn error of metabolism involving defective renal tubular reabsorption of certain amino acids
  2. Sex-linked inheritance is suspected since male dogs are almost exclusively affected
  3. defect is without serious consequences
25
Q

What are Drug Crystals?

A

occurs when animal is on a drug

Clinical Pathology and Parasitology (84 decks)

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