Urinary Flashcards
(208 cards)
UPC variability should change by how much to be noted as a true change?
UPC must change by 35% for patients with UPC ≈12 and by 80% for
patients with UPC ≈0.5 for this to reflect a true change in UPC rather than day-to-day variability
A pooled sample should be pursued for animals with UPC over how much?
4
How to calculate spot fractional excretion?
( (urine concentration of electrolyte) x (plasma concentration of creatinine) ) / ( ( urine concentration of creatinine ) x (plasma concentration of electrolyte )) x 100
A large amount of granular casts in urine is most typical of what type of renal insult?
Ischemic or nephrotoxic renal tubular insult [which I guess consists of 100% of all possible insults lol]
Perinephric pseudocysts are generally associated with what disease? More common in cats or dogs?
CKD, cats.
Fractional excretion of Na in a volume responsive AKI (provided heart, glomeruli, and liver is normal) should be low or high?
Low (<1%)
Long-term risks for renal transplant cats?
Chronic fibrosis/atrophy, infection (toxo), peritoneal fibrosis, cancer (6x higher risk)
What is considered IRIS stage 2 CKD in cats?
Cr 1.6-2.8, SDMA >14 through 24
At what stage is protein restriction beneficial for CKD (not including if a patient is proteinuric)?
Stage 3 and up (but fine for stage 2s for the other beneficial aspects of renal diets)
Phosphorus should be kept under what value at which IRIS stages?
stage 1/2 - under 4.5, stage 3 - under 5, stage 4 - under 6
Dogs and cats on hypertensive medications should evaluated how often?
At least q3mo
How does uremic gastropathy differ in dogs vs cats?
Dogs more ulcerations/bleeding, cats more mineralization and fibrosis. JVIM 2017 paper found that cats with CKD do not have higher gastrin levels either compared to healthy cats.
Why can calcitriol levels be low in CKD? How will this impact FGF and PTH?
Not enough renal cells to hydroxylate calcidiol. This will make both FGF and PTH higher (also due to phosphate retention from CKD)
What is the goal of Ca x Phos product for an animal on calcitriol?
< 60 (ideally between 42-52)
What is the most common glomerular disease in cats?
Membranous glomerulopathy
Breeds of dog predisposed to familial renal amyloidosis? Breeds of cats?
Beagle, Sharpei, English Foxhound; Abyssinians (and Siamese?)
Breeds of dog predisposed to glomerulosclerosis?
Pembroke Corgi, Newfoundland, Doberman Pinscher
If found in the kidney, amyloid is frequently deposited where in sharpeis?
Medulla (also this way for Abyssinians)
Hereditary nephritis consists of a defect in what type of collagen?
Type IV - which is what makes up basement membrane
In what breeds of dog does hereditary nephritis generally result in terminal CKD by 2 years of age?
Samoyed, English Cocker (other breeds that may not have as bad progression- Dalmatian, Bull Terrier)
What is the gene responsible for cystinuria in Newfoundlands?
SLC3A1 (also present in Lab) - there is a test for this gene; a different mutation also in this also occurs in Australian cattle dog
(In minpin- SLC7A9)
What is the abnormal gene noted in Dalmatians that caused hyperuricosuria? What is the defect? What other breeds also have this?
SLC2A9 - mutation in uric acid transporter so uric acid can’t get into hepatocytes to be converted to more soluble allantoin - English Bulldog and Black Russian Terrier
Canine breeds reported to have primary renal glucosuria?
Scottish Terriers, Basenjis, Norwegian Elkhounds, and mixed-breed dogs
Why is K citrate a better option (or needed) for chronic administration in proximal RTA (type II) than sodium bicarbonate?
Alkalinization will result in more marked bicarbonate wasting and cause hypokalemia