Urinary Elimination

Question 1

what is urinary elimination

Answer 1

is removal or excretion of waste product of the bladder from the body

Question 2

what are the kidneys responsible for

Answer 2

removal of metabolic waste and other elements from the blood in the form of urine

Question 3

what do the kidneys and ureters do

Answer 3

Maintain composition and volume of body fluids
Filter and excrete blood constituents not needed; retain those that are needed
Excrete waste product (urine)

Question 4

how do nephrons maintain and regulate fluid balance

Answer 4

through mechanisms of selective reabsorption and secretion of water, electrolytes and other substances

Question 5

what are some factors affecting urination

Answer 5

developmental considerations
food and fluid intake
psychological variables
activity and muscle tone
pathologic conditions
meds

Question 6

what is a developmental considerations for infants, toddlers, and children

Answer 6

struggle w/ voluntary control

Question 7

what are some developmental considerations for older adults

Answer 7

age 50 (lose bladder control)
bladder stops expanding as much
uti’s
decrease in filtration
meds
kidney function decreases
nocturnal frequency

Question 8

what is nocturnal enurisis

Answer 8

bed wetting @ night

Question 9

what are we observing for urine production

Answer 9

intake vs output

Question 10

what does urine color tell us

Answer 10

how the kidneys are functioning

Question 11

what 3 things do food and fluid intake affect

Answer 11

urine production
color
odor

Question 12

what are some psychological variables

Answer 12

personal-anxiety
sociocultural-private parts exposed
environmental-privacy
stress-urge incontinence

Question 13

what does long term cath use do

Answer 13

decreases muscle tone

Question 14

what does immobility do

Answer 14

decrease bladder sphincter tone
stasis in bladder
incontinence

Question 15

what happens to bladder muscle in menopause

Answer 15

it atrophies

Question 16

what are some pathologic conditions

Answer 16

uti
renal failure
hypertension (kidneys help control bp)
diabetes
heart failure

Question 17

acute renal failure can be caused by what

Answer 17

sepsis
antibiotics
NSAIDS

Question 18

what can chronic renal failure lead to

Answer 18

diabetes
hypertension
heart failure

Question 19

what is an effect of diuretics on urine production and elimination

Answer 19

HTN

Question 20

what is an effect of cholinergic on urine production and elimination

Answer 20

stimulate contraction of muscle

Question 21

what is an effect of analgesics and tranquilizers on urine production and elimination

Answer 21

depresses CNS

Question 22

what color does anticoagulants turn urine

Answer 22

red

Question 23

what color do diuretics turn urine

Answer 23

clear light, pale

Question 24

what color does pyridium turn urine

Answer 24

orange

Question 25

what color does antidepressant amitriptyline turn urine

Answer 25

blue or green

Question 26

what color does b complex vitamins turn urine

Answer 26

blue or green

Question 27

what color does levodopa turn urine

Answer 27

brown/black

Question 28

Effects both sexes but women twice as much as men Older women, men with enlarged prostates and people with Diabetes are more prone to developing Usually treated with Antibiotics

Answer 28

uti

Question 29

Can be caused by medications, obstruction, anxiety, inflammation Inability to empty bladder completely

Answer 29

urinary retention

Question 30

May be managed by a urinary catheter Can be treated with medications, devices, sacral nerve stimulation and surgery

Answer 30

urinary incontinence

Question 31

Causes urine to bypass the bladder Done for birth defects, cancer, trauma and diseases Associated risks are infection and permanent kidney damage

Answer 31

urinary diversion

Question 32

what causes urinary retention

Answer 32

antihistamines antidepressants anxiety

Question 33

what are some ways to manage urinary retention

Answer 33

pelvic floor exercises meds flomax monitoring intake and output heating pad

Question 34

what is transient urinary retention

Answer 34

sudden lasts 6 months or less

Question 35

what is stress urinary incontinence

Answer 35

involuntary loss of urine due to abd pressure

Question 36

what is overflow urinary incontinence

Answer 36

bladder stretching

Question 37

what is functional urinary incontinence

Answer 37

caused by factors outside of ut

Question 38

what is reflex urinary incontinence

Answer 38

incontinence w/ no sensation

Question 39

what is total urinary incontinence

Answer 39

continuous (long-term cath use)

Question 40

what do you manage pt w/ urinary incontinence

Answer 40

perineal skin care behavioral modifications (alcohol, caffeine, wt loss, citrus and spicy foods, bladder training, pelvic floor exercises, avoid constipation) mechanical treatment medication (topical estrogen) surgical treatment (enlarged prostate, bladder distension)

Question 41

what is a cesectomy

Answer 41

bladder removal

Question 42

what are some urinary diversions

Answer 42

ileal conduit cutaneous ureterostomy continent (CUD)

Question 43

what is an ileal conduit

Answer 43

most common reconstruction of urinary tract

Question 44

what is a cutaneous ureterostomy

Answer 44

ureters put to abd wall (bag)

Question 45

what is a continent urinary diversion

Answer 45

"bladder" is created and put in body (bag)

Question 46

what is some pt education for urinary diversion

Answer 46

Explain reason for diversion and rationale for treatment Demonstrate effective self-care behaviors Describe follow-up care and support resources Report where supplies may be obtained in the community Verbalize related fears and concerns Demonstrate a positive body image

Question 47

what are some characteristics of a suprapubic cath

Answer 47

temporary used when there was urethral trauma positioned in bladder

Question 48

what are some risk factors for utis

Answer 48

sexually active women diaphragms postmenopausal women indwelling urinary cath diabetes older

Question 49

what diagnostic evaluation is used for a uti

Answer 49

urinalysis

Question 50

what is used to treat uti's

Answer 50

antibiotics cotton underwear

Question 51

what diagnostic tests can be used

Answer 51

urinalysis 24-hr urine specimen renal function test renal ultrasound ct scan cystoscopy (direct visualization of bladder)