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Phys Final > Urinary Phys Anatomy > Flashcards

Urinary Phys Anatomy Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

kidney endocrine function: conversion of dietary vitamin D3 to

A

calcitrol - promotes Ca2+ absorption in GI

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2
Q

T/F Kidney, lung, & liver modify the constituents of plasma.

A

true

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3
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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4
Q

T/F About 2 million nephrons/kidney that are structurally independent and function individually. Normal function can be maintained if some loose function.

A

true

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5
Q

movement from tubule to blood vessels

A

reabsorption

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6
Q

movement from blood vessels or tissues into tubule

A

secretion

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7
Q

moves out of the body. urine out

A

excretion

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8
Q

composed of a nephron and its collecting ducts

A

uriniferous tubules

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9
Q

What is the nephron made of?

A
  1. renal capsule
  2. proximal tubule
  3. loop of henle
  4. distal tubule
  5. collecting tubules
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10
Q

functional units about 35 mm long that process the plasma and form urine

A

nephrons

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11
Q

what are continuous with collecting ducts?

A

nephrons

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12
Q

what transports urine to the renal papillae and into minor calyces?

A

collecting ducts

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13
Q

what is the renal corpuscle composed of?

A

vascular tuft (glomerulus) & bowman capsule

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14
Q

what are the two parts of the proximal tubule?

A

convoluted tubule (early) & straight or descending thick limb of proximal tubule (late)

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15
Q

what are the two parts of the loop of henle?

A

descending thin segment, ascending thin segment, ascending thick limb

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16
Q

where does the distal tubule begin?

A

at the macula dense - its most convoluted

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17
Q

what is continuous with the distal tubule?

A

collecting tubule

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18
Q

what empties into the cortical collecting duct?

A

distal tubule

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19
Q

cortical collecting duct changes name to what?

A

medullary collecting duct then to inner medullary collecting duct

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20
Q

region where renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter and exit the kidney?

A

hilus

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21
Q

parenchyma of the kidney is divided into what two parts?

A

cortex and medulla

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22
Q

Within the medulla, straight parts of the nephrons and the collecting ducts are arranged in the form of what? how many?

A

10-18 pyramids

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23
Q

located within the cortex, represent areas where straight parts of nephron and the collecting ducts are located

A

medullary rays

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24
Q

located within the cortex- contains corpuscles and the convoluted portions of the nephron.

A

pars convoluta

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25
represent extensions of pars convolute tissue into the area of medulla and located between the pyramids
renal collumns
26
what is a lobe
kidneys are divided into those.consists of each medullary pyramid and the cortical substance that surrounds it like the cap of an acorn
27
subdivisions within the cortex- center is formed by a medullary ray? what are the outer limits marked by?
lobules ; outer limits marked by inter lobar arteries
28
the apical portion of a pyramid that protrudes into the minor calyx
papilla
29
surface of papilla is perforated by openings of large collecting ducts (papillary ducts) called
area cribrosa
30
surrounds the papilla
minor calyx
31
2-3 minor calyx unite to form a
major calyx 2-3/kidney
32
formed by the union of major calyces - is the expanded form of the ureter
pelvis of the ureter
33
contains all glomeruli and all convoluted portions of the nephron (proximal and distal convoluted tubules)
pars convoluta
34
contain collecting ducts and loop of henle
medullary rays of the cortex
35
contain collecting ducts and various segments of loops of henle
pyramids of the medulla
36
what are the three types of nephrons
superifical; midcorticlal; juxtagmedullary nephron
37
goes to papillae 20% of nephrons does not emphty into the collecting duct
longest thing segment
38
what are the two zones of the medulla
inner and outer zone
39
what are the two components of the outer zone of the medulla
outer stripe and inner stripe
40
only contains thick portions of the loop of henle
outer stripe of outer zone of medulla
41
has both thick and thin portions of loop of henle
inner stripe of outer zone of medulla
42
what is always a cortical structure
bowmans capsule
43
what is the total blood volume/mine of the kidney
1/5 total blood volume/min
44
blood supply is abundant- large surface area of contact between what?
capillaries and parenchymal cells
45
large caliber-short, larger branches- deliver blood at high pressure
renal artery
46
renal artery -> ___ ->
renal artery; segmental arteries; interlobar arteries; arcuate arteries; interlobar arteries
47
arteries that come off segmental renal arteries
interlobar arteries
48
arteries between cortex and medulla
arcuate artereies
49
what comes off the inter lobular artery
afferent arteriole; supplies vascular tuft-glomerulus
50
where is blood delivered first at high pressure/
glomerulus
51
what is another word for glomerulus
vascular tuft
52
what come off the efferent arteries
peritubular capilaries
53
what form peritubular capillary network around nephron of origin? where?
efferent arteriole in cortical region
54
efferent arteriole supplying juxtamedullary nephrons form numerous what?
vasae rectae (straight vessels)
55
drain capsule capillaries and peritubular capillaries near kidneys surface
stellate veins
56
drain stellate veins and deep peritubular capillaries
interlobular veins
57
receive blood from venulae rectae as well as inter lobar veins
arcuate veins
58
what are the other three veins? other than stellate, interlular veins, and arcuate veins, and vasae rectae veins?
1. interlobar veins 2. segmental veins 3. renal veins
59
T/F some vasea rectae go from arcuate artery to arcuate vein
true
60
where does afferent arteriole enter?
vascular pole at glomerular tuft
61
where does efferent arteriole exit?
vascular pole
62
how are vascular tone of afferent and efferent arterioles controlled?
blood flow and blood pressure within the glomerulus
63
simple squamous epithelium continuous with the proximal tubules at the urinary pole and with the visceral layer at the vascular pole
parietal layers of bowman's capsule
64
what is in the visceral layer at the vascular pole of the bowman's capsule
podocytes
65
foot processes (pedicles) that interdigitate with foot processes of adjacent cells
podocytes
66
what is the function of podocytes
aid in filtration
67
very thin and fenstrated; make up capillaries; large pores (100nm) with no diaphragms
endothelial cells of filtration membrane
68
very thick (300nm) 3x usual thickness
basal lamina
69
GBM (glomerular basement membrane) contains what that is negatively charged?
glycoprotein
70
most proteins are negatively charged. what is the example discussed in the notes.
albumin is small enough to pass into bowman's capsule. the neg. charge of albumin causes repulsion when in contact with glycoprotein of glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The charge repulsion keeps albumin from passing through )<1% pass)
71
between pedicles
filtration slits
72
at a high hydrostatic pressure which forces the plasma through the attenuated filtration membrane
blood within the glomerular capillaries
73
The route that the substances take across the glomerular membrane is completely ____.
extracellular
74
cleans out basal lamina (GBM) by phagocytosis, also has contractile properties, can control glomerular blood flow, processes wrap around glomerular capillaries
intraglomerular mesangial cells
75
that are the 3 factors that affect filtrate
1. BP 2. size of molecule 3. electrical charge of molecules

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