🫘urinary system

Question 1

🫘What is the job of the urethra?

Answer 1

To transport urine to the kidneys.

Question 2

🫘 What is the job of the bladder?

Answer 2

To hold urine until urination.

Question 3

🫘 What is the effect of ADH on the rate of urine production? And why

Answer 3

Less urine will be produced as more water is reabsorbed into by the blood.

Question 4

🫘 Name two ways that the blood in the renal vein is different from the blood in the renal artery.

Answer 4

The blood in the renal vein has waste products such as carbon dioxide

The blood in the renal artery supplies the kidney and has no waste products or toxins.

Question 5

🫘 How does the surface area to volume ratio help in efficient blood filtration.

Answer 5

The higher the ratio the more efficient the filtration will be.

Question 6

🫘 What supplies the blood to the kidneys ?

Answer 6

Renal artery

Question 7

🫘 How does the blood leave the kidney

Answer 7

Renal vein

Question 8

🫘 From the renal vein, where does the clean blood go?

Answer 8

Through the ureters to the bladder.

Question 9

🫘 What’s osmoregulation?

Answer 9

The kidneys controlling and balancing the amount of water & dissolved salts in the blood.

Question 10

🫘 What is osmosis?

Answer 10

The movement of water through a membrane from an area of high concentration to low.

Question 11

🫘 Why is osmoregulation important for RBC?

Answer 11

The cell will shrivel up if the salt concentration is too high with not enough water.

Question 12

🫘 What would happen if there’s too much water in the RBC?

Answer 12

Risk of bursting

Question 13

🫘 What does isotonic mean?

Answer 13

Perfect balance of water and salt.

Question 14

🫘 What hormone controls the amount of water that the kidneys remove?

Answer 14

ADH

Question 15

🫘 Where is ADH produced?

Answer 15

In the pituitary gland

Question 16

🫘 How does the pituitary gland generate ADH? (Hippo monitor 🧂 in 🩸 & 📱 the 🧠 (p.g)

Answer 16

The hypothalamus monitors the salt concentration in the blood and contacts the brain/P.G and ADH is produced.

Question 17

🫘 What is a nephron? Unit and what does it contain?

Answer 17

A filtering unit that contains a glomerulus and a tubule

Question 18

🫘 What is the function of the Glomerulus?

Answer 18

To filter blood

Question 19

🫘 Describe the movement of molecules in the glomerulus?

Answer 19

The small molecules pass its thin walls and the large molecule stay in the bloodstream

Question 20

🫘 What structure in the nephron absorbs the substances that the body needs?

Answer 20

The PCT

Question 21

🫘 What is ultrafiltration? Large + blood stay (useful)

Answer 21

When most of the water is filtered out as well as the substances that the kidney does not need and only large molecules and blood cells remain

Question 22

🫘 What is the Bowman’s capsule? Sieve

Answer 22

Surrounds the glomerulus and helps to filter the blood

Question 23

🫘 What is the PCT? REAB GA guardiola

Answer 23

Reabsorbs almost all of the glucose, amino acids and small peptides

Question 24

🫘 What happens at the Loop of Henle? NaCl

Answer 24

More water and sodium chloride ions are absorbed

Question 25

🫘 What happens at the DCT? Fine tune

Answer 25

Substances are fine tuned for re-absorption

Question 26

🫘 What happens at the collecting duct? Thra takes ______ to bladder

Answer 26

Urethra takes urine to the bladder

Question 27

🫘 What is the RAAS mechanism? BP low kidneys renin liver angiotensinogen renin breakdown

Answer 27

If the blood pressure is too low, the kidneys produce rennin and the liver produces angiotensinogen, renin breaks it down into angiotensin

Question 28

🫘 What does angiotensin tell the blood vessels to do?

Answer 28

Constrict to increase blood pressure

Question 29

🫘 What else does angiotensin do? Text a.g, free Aldo

Answer 29

Send a message to the adrenal gland to release aldosterone.

Question 30

🫘 What does Aldosterone do? Kidneys Keep Na, free H2

Answer 30

Tell the kidneys to retain more sodium ions and release more water

Question 31

🫘 What does urine enter and leave the kidneys from? Ur enter

Answer 31

Enters from the ureter, leaves from the urethra

Question 32

🫘 What happens in the PCT?

Answer 32

Substances such as water, protein, glucose, sodium ions and urea are reabsorbed.

Question 33

🫘 Why do the substances that are absorbed by the PCT get absorbed?

Answer 33

Because they’re considered useful

Question 34

🫘 Where is most of the water absorbed in the kidney?

Answer 34

Back into the blood

Question 35

🫘 What happens in the DCT?

Answer 35

Waste is secreted into the filtrate and ions get pumped to control blood pH

Question 36

🫘 Why might a protein trace in the blood be a concern?

Answer 36

It suggests damaged glomeruli (filtering units) which leads to kidney disease

Question 37

🫘What is the process in liver that happens that produces a waste product?

Answer 37

deamination and the waste product is called ammonia, which then gets converted to urea

Question 38

🫘What is the process in liver that happens that produces a waste product?

Answer 38

deamination and the waste product is called ammonia, which then gets converted to urea

Question 39

🫘 What three things is the kidney made up of?

Answer 39

A capsule - protects fragile structures Nephrons - extended from the cortex to the medulla Renal tubules - line with microvilli