urinary system

Question 1

4 major organs of urinary system

Answer 1

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 2

major fxns of the kidney

Answer 2

excrete waste
regulate blood vol. & composition (pH)
secrete hormones & enzymes

Question 3

calcitrol

Answer 3

active form of Vitamin D

increases calcium absorption

Question 4

detrusor muscle

1. location
2. fxn

Answer 4

1. bladder

2. contracts to expel urine

Question 5

3 regions of male urethra

superior to inferior

Answer 5

prostatic
membranous
spongy

Question 6

location of internal urethral sphincter

Answer 6

base of bladder

Question 7

storage reflex

1. controlled by?
2. effect?

Answer 7

1. sympathetic NS
2. contract internal sphincter to hold urine
   relax detrusor muscle to hold more urine

Question 8

involuntary micturition reflex

1. stimuli?
2. effect?

Answer 8

1. stretch of bladder (200-300mls)

2. spinal reflex to detrusor to contract & internal sphincter to relax

Question 9

voluntary control

1. location
2. effect?

Answer 9

1. cerebral cortex

2. proper time to urinate

Question 10

where is the micturition reflex inhibited?

Answer 10

in pons

Question 11

renal sinus

1. structure
2. fxn

Answer 11

1. major&minor calyces and renal pelvis

2. drains urine

Question 12

renal cortex

Answer 12

outer portion

Question 13

renal columns

Answer 13

projections of cortex, divide medulla

Question 14

renal medulla

Answer 14

inner portion w/ pyramids

Question 15

renal papillae

Answer 15

tip of renal pyramid

Question 16

renal lobe

Answer 16

= renal pyramid w/ columns on both sides and papilla

whole area

Question 17

minor calyx

Answer 17

funnel from pyramid to major calyces

Question 18

major calyx

Answer 18

where the minor calyces merge together

Question 19

renal pelvis

Answer 19

where the major calyces join into one large funnel

Question 20

renal corpuscle (2 parts)

Answer 20

glomerulus

glomerular capsule

Question 21

glomerulus

Answer 21

tangle of glomerular capillaries

Question 22

glomerular capsule (3 parts)

Answer 22

outer impermeable parietal layer
inner permeable visceral layer
b/t capsular space

Question 23

collecting system (2 parts)

Answer 23

collecting duct-fluid balance, each nephron drains into this

papillary duct-in renal papilla

Question 24

cortical nephron

Answer 24

have short nephron loop, hardly penetrates medulla, bulk of these nephrons are in cortex (85%)

Question 25

juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 25

go deep into medulla. establish salt concentration in the interstitial space thats outside nephron loop. *regulation of urine concentration by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 26

peritubular capillaries

Answer 26

wrapped around DCT&PCT | ∴ in cortex

Question 27

trace blood supply thru nephron

Answer 27

renal artery>afferent arteriole>glomerulus>efferent arteriole>peritubular capillaries-OR-vasa recta>loops of cortical nephrons>venules>renal vein

Question 28

vasa recta

Answer 28

capillaries that penetrate medulla w/ nephron loop

Question 29

3 major processes of urine formation

Answer 29

filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 30

describe glomerular filtration

Answer 30

movement of substance from blood in glomerulus into capsular space

Question 31

describe tubular secretion

Answer 31

movement of substance from the tubular fluid back into blood of peritubular caps or vasa recta

Question 32

describe tubular secretion

Answer 32

movement of substance via active transport from the blood into tubular fluid

Question 33

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 33

macula densa of DCT→monitor NaCl granular cells of afferent art. →secrete renin mesengial cells →support glomerulus & serve as communicator

Question 34

fxn of granular cells (2)

Answer 34

smooth muscle for vasoconstriction/dilation | secrete renin