fluids&electrolytes Flashcards
non electrolytes
do not dissociate in H2O
electrolytes
dissociate in H2O
contribute to more osmotic pressure
major fluid compartments
intracellular fluid (cytosol) 2/3rds extracellular fluid (plasma, lymph, CSF) 1/3rd
difference b/t ECF & ICF
ICF=negatively charged proteins
ECF= little or no proteins
difference between interstitial fluid & plasma
plasma has proteins
interstitial fluid little to no proteins
fluids enter body via?
food & H2O
fluids exit body via?
urine, sweat, breathing, feces
insensible fluid loss
unmeasurable aka sweat, breathing
sensible fluid loss
measurable aka feces, urine
obligatory fluid loss
fluid loss that ALWAYS occurs regardless of hydration
happens via breathing, feces, urine
facultative fluid loss
depends on hydration
happens via urine
intake of electrolytes
from diet
loss of electrolytes
kidneys and sweat
hormone regulation of electrolytes
PTH and calcitonin for Ca2+
increasing thirst (4)
dry mouth
increased blood osmolarity
decreased BP
angiotensin II
decreasing thirst (4)
increased saliva
stomach distention
decreased blood osmolarity
increased BP
4 hormones regulating output
renin-angiotensin
antidiuretic
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
renin-angiotensin
- stimuli
- what happens?
- effect?
- decreased BP
- JG apparatus releases Renin
Renin activated angiotensin I and II - vasoconstriction, decreased GFR, increase thirst, release of ADH, decrease urine output
antidiuretic hormone
- stimuli
- effect
- low blood volume, angiotensin II, increased blood osmolarity
- increase thirst, increase kidney H2O absorption, vasoconstriction
aldosterone
- stimuli
- effect
- angiotensin II, decreased Na+, increased K+
2. increases K+ excretion to urine & increase Na+ reabsorption
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- stimuli
- effect
- stretch of atria
2. vasodilation, increased GFR, increase Na+ in urine, decrease renin release, decrease aldosterone and ADH
normal body pH
7.35-7.45
volatile acid
produced from gas
CO2+H2O↔︎H2CO3↔︎H+ + HCO3-
fixed (metabolic) acid
produced from metabolic wastes
i.e. lactic acid, keto acid
