Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
kidneys
A
Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blodd and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance
2
Q
nephron
A
urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.
3
Q
glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)
A
cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.
4
Q
renal pelvis
A
funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the kidney
5
Q
hilum
A
indentation on the medial side of the kindy where the ureter leaves the kidney
6
Q
ureters
A
two slender tubes, approxiamtely 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
7
Q
urinary bladder
A
muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size.
8
Q
urethra
A
lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
9
Q
urinary meatus
A
opening through which the urine passes to the outside
10
Q
cysto, vesic/o
A
bladder, sac
11
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
12
Q
meat/o
A
meatus (opening)
13
Q
nephr/o, ren/o
A
kidney
14
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
15
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
16
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
17
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin
18
Q
azot/o
A
urea, nitrogen
19
Q
blast/o
A
developing cell, germ cell
20
Q
glyc/o, glycos/o
A
sugar
21
Q
hydr/o
A
water
22
Q
lith/o
A
stone, calculus
23
Q
noct/i
A
night
24
Q
olig/o
A
scanty, few
25
son/o
sound
26
tom/o
cut, section
27
urin/o, ur/o
urine, urinary tract
28
-gram
record, radiographic image
29
-iasis, -esis
condition
30
-lysis
loosening, dissolution, separating
31
-megaly
enlargement
32
-ptosis
drooping, sagging, prolapse
33
-rrhaphy
suturing, repairing
34
-tripsy
surgical crushing
35
-trophy
nourishment, development
36
-uria
urine, urination
37
hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of water in the kidney
38
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
39
nephroblastoma
kidney tumor containing developing cells
40
nephrohypertrophy
excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney
41
nephrolithiasis
condition of stones in the kidney
42
nephroma
tumor of the kidney
43
nephromegaly
enlargement of the kidney
44
nephroptosis
drooping kidney
45
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
46
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
47
ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter
48
ureterocele
protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)
49
ureterolithiasis
condition of stones in the ureters
50
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
51
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
52
polycystic kidney disease
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged
53
renal calculus
stone in the kidney
54
renal failure
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
55
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
56
urinary suppression
sudden stoppage of urine formation
57
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
58
cystectomy
excision of the bladder
59
cystolithotomy
incision of the bladder to remove a stone
60
cystostomy
creating an artifical opening into the bladder
61
cystorrhaphy
suturing the bladder
62
cystotomy, vesicotomy
incision of the bladder
63
lithotripsy
surgical crushing of a stone
64
meatotomy
incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)
65
nephrectomy
excision of the kidney
66
nephrolithotomy
incision of the kidney to remove a stone
67
nephrolithotripsy
surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney
68
nephrolysis
separating the kidney (from other body structures)
69
nephropexy
surgical fixation of the kidney
70
nephrostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the kidney
71
pyelolithotomy
incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
72
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
73
ureterostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the ureter
74
ureterectomy
excision of a ureter
75
urethroplasty
surgical repair of the urethra
76
vesicourethral suspension
suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
77
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
a noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney stone or ureteral stone. By using ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging, the stone is positioned at a focal point. Repeated firing of the shock waves renders the stone into fragments that pass from the body in the urine.
78
fulguration
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
79
renal transplant
surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney
80
cystogram
radiographic image of the bladder
81
cystography
radiographic imaging of the bladder
82
intravenous urogram (IVU)
radiographic image of the urinary tract
83
nephrogram
radiographic image of the kidney
84
nephrography
radiographic imaging of the kidney
85
nephrosonography
process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)
86
nephrotomogram
sectional radiographic image of the kidney
87
renogram
(graphic) record of the kidney
88
retrograde urogram
radiographic image of the urinary tract
89
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra
90
KUB (Kidney, ureter, bladder)
a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location.
91
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function. An increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction
92
creatinine (cre-AT-i-nin)
a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function.
93
specific gravity (SG)
a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
94
urinalysis (UA)
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen.
95
albuminuria (al-bu-min-U-re-a)
albumin in the urine (albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem)
96
anuria (an-U-re-a)
absence of urine (failure for kidneys to produce urine
97
diuresis (di-u-RE-sis)
condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine)
98
dysuria (dis-U-re-a)
difficult or painful urination
99
glycosuria (gli-ko-SU-re-a)
sugar (glucose) in the urine
100
hematuria (hem-a-TU-re-a)
blood in the urine
101
meatal (me-A-tal)
pertaining to the meatus
102
nephrologist (ne-FROL-o-jist)
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney
103
nephrology (ne-FROL-o-je)
study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the kidney)
104
nocturia (nok-TU-re-a)
night urination
105
oliguria (ol-i-GU-re-a)
scanty urine (amount)
106
polyuria (pol-e-U-re-a)
much (excessive) urine
107
pyuria (pi-U-re-a)
pus in the urine
108
urinary (u-rin-ar-e)
pertaining to urine
109
urologist (u-ROL-o-jist)
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract
110
urology
study of the urinary tract
111
catheter
flexible, tubelike, device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
112
distended
stretched out (bladder is distended when filled with urine)
113
enuresis (en-u-RE-sis)
involuntary urination
114
hemodialysis (HD)
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so.
115
incontinence
inability to control bladder and/or bowels
116
micturate (MIK-tu-rat)
to urinate or void
117
peritoneal dialysis (par-i-to-NE-al di-AL-i-sis)
procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so.
118
stricture (STRIK-chur)
abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
119
urinal
receptacle for urine
120
urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
121
urodynamics (u-ro-di-NAM-iks)
pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract
122
void
to empty or evacuate waster material, especially urine
123
ARF
acute renal failure
124
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
125
cath
catheterization, catheter
126
CRF
chronic renal failure
127
ESRD
end-stage renal failure
128
ESWL
extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy
129
HD
hemodialysis
130
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
131
IVU
intravenous urogram
132
OAB
overactive bladder
133
SG
specific gravity
134
UA
urinalysis
135
UTI
urinary tract infection
136
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
