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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

heart

A

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The heart consits of two upper chambers the right atrium and left atrium. Two lower chambers right and left ventricles. The left atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins. The left artium receives blood from the lungs. the left venricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.

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2
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves. Valves keep blood flowing one direction.

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3
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively

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4
Q

pericardium

A

two-layer sac surronding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer

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5
Q

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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6
Q

epicardium

A

covers the heart

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7
Q

myocardium

A

middle, thick, muscular layer

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8
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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9
Q

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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10
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells.

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11
Q

pulmonary artery

A

in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the hear to th lungs

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12
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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13
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen

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14
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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15
Q

venules

A

smallest vein

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16
Q

venae cavae

A

largest veins in the body.

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17
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.

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18
Q

blood

A

composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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19
Q

plasma

A

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume

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20
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.

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21
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.

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22
Q

platelets

A

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

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23
Q

serum

A

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

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24
Q

lymph

A

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.

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25
lymphatic vessels
similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubs that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through the veins into the circulatory system.
26
lymph nodes
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.
27
spleen
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather that lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.
28
thymus gland
one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.
29
angi/o
vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
30
aort/o
aorta
31
arteri/o
artery
32
atri/o
atrium
33
cardi/o
heart
34
lymph/o
lymph, lymph tissue
35
lymphaden/o
lymph node
36
myel/o
bone marrow
37
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
38
plasm/o
plasma
39
splen/o
spleen
40
thym/o
thymus gland
41
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
42
ventricul/o
ventricle
43
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
44
ech/o
sound
45
electr/o
electricity, electrical cavity
46
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
47
therm/o
heat
48
thromb/o
clot
49
brady-
slow
50
-ac
pertaining to
51
-apheresis
removal
52
-graph
insturment used to record; record
53
-penia
abnormal reduction in number
54
-poiesis
formation
55
-sclerosis
hardening
56
angioma (an-je-O-ma)
tumor composed of blood vessels
57
angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-NO-sis)
narrowing of a blood vessel
58
aortic stenosis (a-OR-tik ste-NO-sis)
narrowing, pertaining to aorta
59
arteriosclerosis (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis)
harderning of the arteries
60
atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)
hardening of fatty plaque
61
bradycardi (brad-e-KAR-de-a)
condition of a slow heart
62
cardiomegaly (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the heart
63
cardiomyopathy (kar-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)
disease of the heart muscle
64
endocarditis (en-do-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
65
ischemia (is-KE-me-a)
deficiency of blood flow
66
myocarditis (mi-o-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the heart muscle
67
pericarditis (per-i-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the sac surronding the heart
68
phlebitis (fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of the vein
69
polyarteritis (pol-e-ar-te-RI-tis)
inflammation of many arteries
70
tachycardia (tak-i-KAR-de-a)
condition of a rapid heart (more than 100 bpm)
71
thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
72
valvulitis (val-vu-LI-tis)
inflammation of a valve of the heart
73
hematoma (he-ma-TO-ma)
tumor of blood
74
multiple myeloma (MUL-te-pl mi-e-LO-ma)
tumors of bone marrow
75
pancytopenia (pan-si-to-PE-ne-a)
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
76
thrombosis (throm-BO-sis)
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
77
thrombus (THROM-bus)
blood clot attached to an interior wall of an artery or vein
78
lymphadenitis (lim-fad-e-NI-tis)
inflammation of lymph nodes
79
lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-e-NOP-a-the)
disease of the lymph nodes
80
lymphoma (lim-FO-ma)
tumor of lymphatic tissue
81
splenomegaly (sple-no-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the spleen
82
thymoma (thi-MO-ma)
tumor of th thymus gland
83
acute coronary syndrome
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina
84
aneurysm (AN-u-rizm)
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
85
angina pectoris (an-JI-na PEK-to-ris)
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
86
arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-a)
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern
87
atrial fibrilation (AFib) (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun)
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.
88
cardiac arrest (KAR-de-ak a-REST)
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR
89
cardiac tamponade (KAR-de-ak tam-po-NAD)
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
90
coarctation of the aorta (ko-ark-TA-shun a OR-ta)
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
91
congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal hart di-ZEZ)
heart abnormality present at birth
92
congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen
93
coronary artery disease (CAD)
a condition that reduces the flow of a blood through the coronary arteries to th myocardium
94
coronary occlusion (KOR-o-nar-e o-KLU-zhun)
obstruction of an artery of the heart.
95
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body
96
hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
97
intermittent claudication (in-ter-MIT-nt klaw-di-KA-shun)
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
98
mitral valve stenosis (MI-tral ste-NO-sis)
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usually caused by episodes
99
myocardial infarcation (MI)
deathof a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply
100
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery
101
rheumatic heart disease
damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
102
varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
103
anemia
reduction in the number of red blood cells.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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