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summer semester pt care > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

enlargement of prostate

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2
Q

congential anomaly

A

anomaly present at brith (double kidney)

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3
Q

duplicate collecting system

A

2 renal pelvis or and ureters from the same kidney

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4
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

fusion of kidneys at lover poles

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5
Q

pelvic kidney

A

kidney that fails to climb into abdominal cavity and remains in pelvis

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6
Q

polycystic kidney

A

massive enlargement of kidney with formation of cysts

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7
Q

renal obstruction

A

prevents normal flow of urine

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8
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing or constriction of a passage

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9
Q

wilm’s tumor

A

childhood abdominal tumor affecting kidney

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10
Q

vescicoureteral reflux

A

backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters

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11
Q

ivu demonstrates

A

both function and structure of urinary system

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12
Q

what is visualized on nephrotomogram and when is it visualized

A

renal parenchyma or nephrons and collecting tubes visualized immediately after introduction of contrast

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13
Q

common contraindications for ivu

A

ability of kidneys to filter contrast from blood. pts allergic history

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14
Q

where the ureters lie

A

behind peroteneum and in front of psoas muscle and transverse process of lumbar vertebra

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15
Q

where bladder is positioned at in the body

A

posterior and superior pubis and directly anterior to rectum in males vaginal canal in females

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16
Q

significant contrast reactions

A

nausea vomiting edema of respiratory system mucus membranes

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17
Q

why nephotomograms are done

A

eliminate SI of intestinal content and define smaller anatomic structures of kidney

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18
Q

indicationf for ivu

A

ecal of abdominal mass renal cysts and renal tumors,
stones of kidneys or urinary tract
infection of upper urinary tract
hydrophephrosis
eval effects fo trauma
eval of function location size and shape of kidneys and ureters

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19
Q

nephrons

A

essential microscopic components of parenchyms (spongy material kidney is made of)

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20
Q

how many nephrons are contained inside each kidney

A

1 million

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21
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

double-walled membranous cup

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22
Q

what glomerulus serves as and what this accomplishes

A

`filter for blood permiting water and finely dissolved substances to pass through the walls of capillaries into capsul

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23
Q

purpost of doing scout radiographs

A

demonstrates outline of kidneys location in supine position presence of renal stones check bowel prep and allows you to make technique changes.

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24
Q

when ureteral compression is contraindicated

A

pt is suspected to have urinary stones, abdominal mass or anerysm a colostomy suprapubic cath or traumatic injury

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25
Q

how function is demonstrated on IVU

A

ability of kidneys to filter contrast media from the blood and concentrate it with urine

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26
Q

difference between major andminor calyces

A

major larger ends

minor smaller beninning

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27
Q

length of ureters

A

10-12” long

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28
Q

where each ureter enters bladder

A

posterior side and more lateral

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29
Q

function of ureter

A

convey urine from renal pelvis to the bladder through slow rhythmic peristalic contractions

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30
Q

what bladder is

A

membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine

31
Q

how much can a full adult bladder hold

A

500 ml of fluid

32
Q

micturition is

A

urination

33
Q

trigone is

A

area between 3 openings (2 ureters and urethra)

34
Q

folds of bladder are called

A

rugae

35
Q

difference between sphincter and orifice

A

orifice- opening

sphincter- circular muscle that is a passage way that opens and closes body’s natural openings

36
Q

how long is the urethra in males and females

A

male- 7-8”

females=1.5”

37
Q

why upright abd are sometimes done as a scout in a series

A

dfemonstrates mobility of kidneys

38
Q

what prostate is and what it secretes

A

small glandular body surrounding proximal part of male urethra part of male reproductive system secretes milky fluid that combines with semen.`

39
Q

antegreade filling

A

contrast enters kidneys first and flows in normal direction (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra)

40
Q

retrograde exam is

A

contrast is injected into the urethra by means of cathertar

41
Q

when most reactions to contrast occur

A

first 5 min after administration

42
Q

recommended pre[p for infants and children

A

not attempted

43
Q

what makes up urinary system

A

2 kidneys 2 ureters and bladder

44
Q

function of the kidney

A

removes waste from blood
maintains fluid and electrolyte balances
secretes substances that affect blood pressure and other important body functions

45
Q

average range of contrast used for IVU

A

30-100 ml

46
Q

measuments of the kidneys

A

length 4.5”
width- 2-3”
thick 1 1/4”

47
Q

what ivu is

A

intravenous radiography contrast delivered through vein

48
Q

common characteristic reactions of contrast administration

A

feeling warmth
flushing
sometimes hives

49
Q

common time range that IVU radiographs will be taken

A

1 min to 20 min and anything in between

50
Q

2 body positions a pt will be in when doing obliques

A

RPO LPO

51
Q

how much do you oblique pt (urinary system)

A

30 degrees

52
Q

which position shows right ureter free of si

A

RPO

53
Q

which position shows left ureter free of SI

A

LPO

54
Q

General patient prep for an IVU exam

A

low residue diet light evening meal then npo non-gas producing laxitive day before

55
Q

what must be checked before starting IVU exam

A

all consents are filled out and signes

56
Q

2 people need to be readily availible during an ivu

A

nurse and radiologist

57
Q

where ureteral compressions are placed

A

over distal ends of ureters

58
Q

why compression is used

A

done to stop flow of contrast from entering into bladder and ensure adequate filling of renal pelvis and calyces

59
Q

respiration

A

end of expiration

60
Q

how to overcome some contraindication for ivu

A

use of nonionic contrast

61
Q

why pt must empty bladdre

A

prevents dilution of contrast

62
Q

elevated levels indicate

A

renal dysfunction

63
Q

how much urine a normal kidney excretes

A

1 -2 l

64
Q

what the urinary system is called

A

excretory system

65
Q

function of urethra

A

takes urine to the outside of body

66
Q

suprarenal glands are known as

A

adrenal glands

67
Q

functional relationship of suprarenal glands and why its mentioned

A

included because of anatomic relationship. no functional relationship

68
Q

what 2 substances adrenal glands secrete

A

epinephrine hormones

69
Q

left kidney position

A

slightly longer and narrower

70
Q

wher kidneys are situated

A

behind peritoneum

71
Q

which part of the kidney is more posterior

A

superior part

72
Q

what forms glomerulus

A

cluster of blood capillaries

73
Q

what calyces are

A

cup shaped stems arising at sides of the papilla of each renal pyramid

summer semester pt care (6 decks)

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