urinary system

Question 1

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 1

enlargement of prostate

Question 2

congential anomaly

Answer 2

anomaly present at brith (double kidney)

Question 3

duplicate collecting system

Answer 3

2 renal pelvis or and ureters from the same kidney

Question 4

horseshoe kidney

Answer 4

fusion of kidneys at lover poles

Question 5

pelvic kidney

Answer 5

kidney that fails to climb into abdominal cavity and remains in pelvis

Question 6

polycystic kidney

Answer 6

massive enlargement of kidney with formation of cysts

Question 7

renal obstruction

Answer 7

prevents normal flow of urine

Question 8

stenosis

Answer 8

narrowing or constriction of a passage

Question 9

wilm’s tumor

Answer 9

childhood abdominal tumor affecting kidney

Question 10

vescicoureteral reflux

Answer 10

backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters

Question 11

ivu demonstrates

Answer 11

both function and structure of urinary system

Question 12

what is visualized on nephrotomogram and when is it visualized

Answer 12

renal parenchyma or nephrons and collecting tubes visualized immediately after introduction of contrast

Question 13

common contraindications for ivu

Answer 13

ability of kidneys to filter contrast from blood. pts allergic history

Question 14

where the ureters lie

Answer 14

behind peroteneum and in front of psoas muscle and transverse process of lumbar vertebra

Question 15

where bladder is positioned at in the body

Answer 15

posterior and superior pubis and directly anterior to rectum in males vaginal canal in females

Question 16

significant contrast reactions

Answer 16

nausea vomiting edema of respiratory system mucus membranes

Question 17

why nephotomograms are done

Answer 17

eliminate SI of intestinal content and define smaller anatomic structures of kidney

Question 18

indicationf for ivu

Answer 18

ecal of abdominal mass renal cysts and renal tumors,
stones of kidneys or urinary tract
infection of upper urinary tract
hydrophephrosis
eval effects fo trauma
eval of function location size and shape of kidneys and ureters

Question 19

nephrons

Answer 19

essential microscopic components of parenchyms (spongy material kidney is made of)

Question 20

how many nephrons are contained inside each kidney

Answer 20

1 million

Question 21

bowman’s capsule

Answer 21

double-walled membranous cup

Question 22

what glomerulus serves as and what this accomplishes

Answer 22

`filter for blood permiting water and finely dissolved substances to pass through the walls of capillaries into capsul

Question 23

purpost of doing scout radiographs

Answer 23

demonstrates outline of kidneys location in supine position presence of renal stones check bowel prep and allows you to make technique changes.

Question 24

when ureteral compression is contraindicated

Answer 24

pt is suspected to have urinary stones, abdominal mass or anerysm a colostomy suprapubic cath or traumatic injury

Question 25

how function is demonstrated on IVU

Answer 25

ability of kidneys to filter contrast media from the blood and concentrate it with urine

Question 26

difference between major andminor calyces

Answer 26

major larger ends | minor smaller beninning

Question 27

length of ureters

Answer 27

10-12" long

Question 28

where each ureter enters bladder

Answer 28

posterior side and more lateral

Question 29

function of ureter

Answer 29

convey urine from renal pelvis to the bladder through slow rhythmic peristalic contractions

Question 30

what bladder is

Answer 30

membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine

Question 31

how much can a full adult bladder hold

Answer 31

500 ml of fluid

Question 32

micturition is

Answer 32

urination

Question 33

trigone is

Answer 33

area between 3 openings (2 ureters and urethra)

Question 34

folds of bladder are called

Answer 34

rugae

Question 35

difference between sphincter and orifice

Answer 35

orifice- opening | sphincter- circular muscle that is a passage way that opens and closes body's natural openings

Question 36

how long is the urethra in males and females

Answer 36

male- 7-8" | females=1.5"

Question 37

why upright abd are sometimes done as a scout in a series

Answer 37

dfemonstrates mobility of kidneys

Question 38

what prostate is and what it secretes

Answer 38

small glandular body surrounding proximal part of male urethra part of male reproductive system secretes milky fluid that combines with semen.`

Question 39

antegreade filling

Answer 39

contrast enters kidneys first and flows in normal direction (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra)

Question 40

retrograde exam is

Answer 40

contrast is injected into the urethra by means of cathertar

Question 41

when most reactions to contrast occur

Answer 41

first 5 min after administration

Question 42

recommended pre[p for infants and children

Answer 42

not attempted

Question 43

what makes up urinary system

Answer 43

2 kidneys 2 ureters and bladder

Question 44

function of the kidney

Answer 44

removes waste from blood maintains fluid and electrolyte balances secretes substances that affect blood pressure and other important body functions

Question 45

average range of contrast used for IVU

Answer 45

30-100 ml

Question 46

measuments of the kidneys

Answer 46

length 4.5" width- 2-3" thick 1 1/4"

Question 47

what ivu is

Answer 47

intravenous radiography contrast delivered through vein

Question 48

common characteristic reactions of contrast administration

Answer 48

feeling warmth flushing sometimes hives

Question 49

common time range that IVU radiographs will be taken

Answer 49

1 min to 20 min and anything in between

Question 50

2 body positions a pt will be in when doing obliques

Answer 50

RPO LPO

Question 51

how much do you oblique pt (urinary system)

Answer 51

30 degrees

Question 52

which position shows right ureter free of si

Answer 52

RPO

Question 53

which position shows left ureter free of SI

Answer 53

LPO

Question 54

General patient prep for an IVU exam

Answer 54

low residue diet light evening meal then npo non-gas producing laxitive day before

Question 55

what must be checked before starting IVU exam

Answer 55

all consents are filled out and signes

Question 56

2 people need to be readily availible during an ivu

Answer 56

nurse and radiologist

Question 57

where ureteral compressions are placed

Answer 57

over distal ends of ureters

Question 58

why compression is used

Answer 58

done to stop flow of contrast from entering into bladder and ensure adequate filling of renal pelvis and calyces

Question 59

respiration

Answer 59

end of expiration

Question 60

how to overcome some contraindication for ivu

Answer 60

use of nonionic contrast

Question 61

why pt must empty bladdre

Answer 61

prevents dilution of contrast

Question 62

elevated levels indicate

Answer 62

renal dysfunction

Question 63

how much urine a normal kidney excretes

Answer 63

1 -2 l

Question 64

what the urinary system is called

Answer 64

excretory system

Question 65

function of urethra

Answer 65

takes urine to the outside of body

Question 66

suprarenal glands are known as

Answer 66

adrenal glands

Question 67

functional relationship of suprarenal glands and why its mentioned

Answer 67

included because of anatomic relationship. no functional relationship

Question 68

what 2 substances adrenal glands secrete

Answer 68

epinephrine hormones

Question 69

left kidney position

Answer 69

slightly longer and narrower

Question 70

wher kidneys are situated

Answer 70

behind peritoneum

Question 71

which part of the kidney is more posterior

Answer 71

superior part

Question 72

what forms glomerulus

Answer 72

cluster of blood capillaries

Question 73

what calyces are

Answer 73

cup shaped stems arising at sides of the papilla of each renal pyramid