Urinary System

Question 1

urinary system consists of the – which produce urine, and supporting tubules to store and eliminate urine from the body

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

in addition to the kidneys, – can also act as an excretory organ

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

urinary system also regulates – by means of blood volume

Answer 3

blood pressure

Question 4

urinary system also adjusts – and regulates osmotic concentrations of the blood

Answer 4

blood pH

Question 5

After being filtered in the kidneys, urine moves toward the bladder via – which are tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder

Answer 5

ureter

Question 6

urine is stored in the –

Answer 6

bladder

Question 7

urine leaves the body through the –

Answer 7

urethra

Question 8

in males, the urethra is relatively – and must be shared with the reproductive system

Answer 8

long

Question 9

in females the urethra is shorter and is only used for –

Answer 9

urine passage

Question 10

the kidneys are located above the – and between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen

Answer 10

waist

Question 11

peritoneum is the membrane that lines the –

Answer 11

abdominal cavity

Question 12

kidneys location can be described as – because they are found posterior to the peritoneum

Answer 12

retroperitoneal

Question 13

kidneys are secured by several layers of – including a layer of fat

Answer 13

connective tissue

Question 14

each kidney has an – that is located on top

Answer 14

adrenal gland

Question 15

outer region of the kidney

Answer 15

cortex

Question 16

middle portion of kidney

Answer 16

renal medulla

Question 17

inner portion of kidney

Answer 17

renal pelvis

Question 18

– are branches off the aorta and carry blood into the kidneys

Answer 18

renal arteries

Question 19

– carry blood away from the kidneys towards the inferior vena cava

Answer 19

renal veins

Question 20

indentation where the ureter, renal artery, and renal vein attach to each kidney is the –

Answer 20

renal hilus

Question 21

within the renal medulla of each kidney, there are triangular chunks of tissue called –

Answer 21

renal pyramids

Question 22

within renal pyramids and extending into the renal cortex are about one million – per kidney

Answer 22

nephrons

Question 23

nephrons are – that actually produce urine

Answer 23

microscopic tubules

Question 24

T/F: nephrons are twisted along itself

Answer 24

true

Question 25

two parts of the renal corpuscle

Answer 25

glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Question 26

glomerulus is a network of --

Answer 26

capillaries

Question 27

the glomerulus is surrounded by the --

Answer 27

Bowman's capsule

Question 28

T/F: there is no direct connection between the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule but instead there is a space between the two

Answer 28

true

Question 29

-- carry blood into the glomerulus, where blood pressure pushes certain components of the blood into the Bowman's capsule

Answer 29

afferent arterioles

Question 30

-- carry blood out of the glomerulus

Answer 30

efferent arterioles

Question 31

only components that are -- should enter the Bowman's capsule

Answer 31

small

Question 32

T/F: blood cells and plasma proteins enter the Bowman's capsule

Answer 32

false

Question 33

materials that enter the Bowman's capsule (water, small nutrients, ions, nitrogenous wastes, gases) are referred to as -- and have about the same osmotic concentration as the plasma

Answer 33

filtrate

Question 34

about -- percent of filtrate that enters the nephron should be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

Answer 34

99

Question 35

any components remaining in the nephron once filtration and reabsorption is complete will be lost as -- and will be much more concentrated than plasma

Answer 35

urine

Question 36

-- allows for reabsorption of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, water, salt, and ions (most reabsorption)

Answer 36

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 37

-- allows for reabsorption, primarily of salt (NaCl) and water by osmosis

Answer 37

loop of Henle

Question 38

the loop of Henle contains a fairly complex -- multiplier system

Answer 38

countercurrent

Question 39

as salt is actively pumped out of the --, it creates a high osmotic pressure that draws water out of the descending limb via osmosis

Answer 39

ascending limb

Question 40

fresh filtrate enters the loop of Henle, pushing -- from the descending limb into the ascending limb

Answer 40

existing filtrate

Question 41

-- is where the fine tuning of filtrate concentration begins

Answer 41

distal convoluted tubule

Question 42

the more water reabsorbed into the distal convoluted tubule, the more -- the urine

Answer 42

concentrated

Question 43

the more concentrated the urine, the -- urine volume, and the higher blood volume

Answer 43

lower

Question 44

T/F: the collecting duct can be shared by several nephrons

Answer 44

true

Question 45

the remaining urine empties into the -- where it will move toward the real pelvis and ultimately to the ureter and bladder

Answer 45

collecting duct