Urinary System

Question 1

What is the capsule of the kidney made up of?

Answer 1

dense irregular CT

Question 2

What is the renal papilla?

Answer 2

tip of each renal pyramid

Question 3

What do the medullary rays primarily contain?

Answer 3

portins of the loop of henle and collecting tubules

Question 4

What do the renal columns separate?

Answer 4

renal pyramids

Question 5

What epithelium type makes up the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 5

simple squamous epi

Question 6

What are podocytes?

Answer 6

modified epithelial cells containing pedicels

Question 7

What are pedicels?

Answer 7

secondary podocyte cell processes covering the glomerular capillaries creating filtration slits

Question 8

What is the urinary (capsular) space?

Answer 8

space between parietal & visceral layers of Bowman’s capsule

Question 9

What is known as a tuft of capillaries inside the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 9

glomerulus

Question 10

Where are mesangial cells found?

Answer 10

within renal corpuscles

>also found in areas lacking podocytes

Question 11

What type of epithelium is found in proximal convoluted tubules?

Answer 11

simple cuboidal with long microvilli

Question 12

Where are the proximal convoluted tubules found?

Answer 12

cortex

Question 13

What epithelium is found in the thin limbs of the loop of henle and where are they found?

Answer 13

simple squamous

medulla

Question 14

What epithelium is found in the thick limbs of the loop of henle and where are they found?

Answer 14

simple cuboidal

medulla & medullary rays

Question 15

What epithelium is found in the distal convoluted tubule and where are they found?

Answer 15

simple cuboidal (shorter cells with shorter microvilli)
cortex

Question 16

Where is the macula densa found?

Answer 16

in the distal convoluted tubules at the vascular pole containing closely packed columnar cells

Question 17

What is the epithelium type of the connecting tubules?

Answer 17

simple squamous to simple cuboidal

Question 18

T/F: collecting ducts are a part of a nephron?

Answer 18

false

Question 19

What type of epithelium is seen in collecting ducts?

Answer 19

simple cuboidal to simple columnar

Question 20

What are the two types of cells in collecting ducts?

Answer 20

1. principle cells (light)

2. intercalated cells (dark)

Question 21

What is the most common cell type in collecting ducts and where are they located?

Answer 21

principle cells

medullary rays & medulla

Question 22

Where are intercalated cells located?

Answer 22

medullary rays

Question 23

What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa?

Answer 23

1. epithelium
2. lamina propria
3. muscularis mucosae

Question 24

What is the normal pattern of the muscularis externa?

Answer 24

inner circular and outer longitudinal

Question 25

What is the function of the adventitia?

Answer 25

binding function

Question 26

What is the function of the serosa?

Answer 26

lubrication function

Question 27

What type of epithelium is found in the mucosa of the luminal wall of the ureters?

Answer 27

urothelium

Question 28

Where are plaque and umbrella cells most developed?

Answer 28

urinary bladder

Question 29

What is the function of plaque?

Answer 29

protection (cells and tissues beneath) & block water passage

Question 30

What cells are large superficial cells that can be bi-necleate and are found in the mucosa of the ureters?

Answer 30

umbrella cells

Question 31

How is the muscularis externa arranged in the ureters?

Answer 31

reverse pattern - inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer

Question 32

What are the 3 muscle layers at the distal end ot the ureters?

Answer 32

inner longitudinal middle circular outer longitudinal

Question 33

What is created where the ureter enters the bladder?

Answer 33

a valve | as bladder fills, ureters closed off

Question 34

Why is the function of the valve between the ureter and bladder important?

Answer 34

stop the spread of infection to kidneys

Question 35

What is the function of the epithelium in the bladder?

Answer 35

transitional epithelium stretches and protects from hypertonic and toxic urine

Question 36

What muscle is found in the bladder that is also known as the muscularis externa?

Answer 36

detrusor

Question 37

What is the arrangement of the muscularis externa in the bladder?

Answer 37

inner longitudinal middle circular outer longitudinal

Question 38

What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter made up of?

Answer 38

circle of smooth muscle

Question 39

What is the internal urethral sphincter also a part of?

Answer 39

detrusor muscle

Question 40

T/F: the internal urethral sphincter is a voluntary muscle?

Answer 40

false - involuntary

Question 41

What does the SNS innervate in the bladder?

Answer 41

blood vessels

Question 42

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

Answer 42

muscularis externa & adventitia

Question 43

What does parasympathetic stimulation result in (in the bladder)?

Answer 43

micturation reflex

Question 44

What type of epithelium is found in the male prostatic urethra?

Answer 44

urothelium

Question 45

What type of muscle is seen in the male external urethral sphincter?

Answer 45

striated muscle

Question 46

What type of epithelium is found in the male membranous urethra?

Answer 46

stratified columnar & pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 47

What type of epithelium is found in the male spongy urethra?

Answer 47

stratified columnar & pseudostratified columnar

Question 48

What type of epithelium is found in the distal portion of the male spongy urethra?

Answer 48

stratified squamous

Question 49

What type of epithelium is found in the female urethra?

Answer 49

transitional & stratified columnar

Question 50

What type of epithelium is found in the middle portion of the female urethra?

Answer 50

pseudostratified columnar

Question 51

What type of epithelium is found in the distal portion of the female urethra?

Answer 51

stratified squamous

Question 52

Where is the external urethral sphincter found in females?

Answer 52

around the middle portion

Question 53

What is the function of the paraurethral glands in females?

Answer 53

secrete alkaline fluid to paraurethral ducts into the sides of external urethral orifice