Urinary System

Question 1

urine-forming structure of the kidney

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

region of the kidney deep to cortex; contains collecting ducts

Answer 2

renal medulla

Question 3

extensions of renal cortex found in between renal pyramids

Answer 3

renal columns

Question 4

urine flowing through this structure drains into a minor calyx

Answer 4

papillary ducts

Question 5

located between renal fascia and renal capsule

Answer 5

adipose capsule

Question 6

apex of renal pyramid

Answer 6

renal papilla

Question 7

urine flowing through this structure drains into the renal pelvis

Answer 7

major calyx

Question 8

vertical fissure in concave surface of kidney through which blood vessels and ureters pass

Answer 8

renal hilum

Question 9

covers outer surface of kidney

Answer 9

renal capsule

Question 10

dense irregular connective tissue that covers the adipose capsule and attaches the kidney to the abdominal wall

Answer 10

renal fascia

Question 11

receives urine from the major calyces

Answer 11

renal pelvis

Question 12

space within kidney that is adjacent to renal medulla, contains calyces and renal pelvis

Answer 12

renal sinus

Question 13

cup-like structure that is located in renal sinus that receives urine from openings of papillary ducts

Answer 13

minor calyx

Question 14

cone-shaped structures located within renal medulla

Answer 14

renal pyramids

Question 15

outermost region of the kidney, contains renal corpuscles

Answer 15

renal cortex

Question 16

detrusor muscle is the main muscle for this structure

Answer 16

urinary bladder

Question 17

region of male urethra that passes through the prostate gland

Answer 17

prostatic urethra

Question 18

two openings on posterior urinary bladder wall

Answer 18

ureteral openings

Question 19

region of male urethra that passes through penis

Answer 19

spongy urethra

Question 20

area bounded by ureteral openings and internal urethral orifice

Answer 20

trigone

Question 21

voluntary skeletal muscle in urogenital diaphragm that allows passage of urine to exterior of body

Answer 21

external urethral sphincter

Question 22

carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

Answer 22

ureter

Question 23

urine is excreted through this opening

Answer 23

external urethral orifice

Question 24

circular smooth muscle that involuntarily controls passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra

Answer 24

internal urethral sphincter

Question 25

anterior opening in urinary bladder that leads into urethra

Answer 25

internal urethral orifice

Question 26

region of male urethra that passes through urogenital diaphragm

Answer 26

membranous urethra

Question 27

blood vessel that delivers blood to glomerulus

Answer 27

afferent arteriole

Question 28

blood from the efferent arteriole flows into this capillary bed

Answer 28

peritubular capillary bed

Question 29

structure that surrounds glomerulus and collects filtrate

Answer 29

glomerular (Bowmans) capsule

Question 30

section of renal tubule that descends into medulla

Answer 30

descending loop of Henle

Question 31

capillary network within the renal corpuscle

Answer 31

glomerulus

Question 32

structure composed of glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Answer 32

renal corpuscle

Question 33

blood vessel that drains blood from glomerulus

Answer 33

efferent arteriole

Question 34

capillary loops that extend from the efferent arteriole and run along loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 34

vasa recta

Question 35

Urine formation and flow 1-14

Answer 35

1. glomerulus 2. capsular space 3. proximal convoluted tubule 4. loop of Henle 5. distal convoluted tubule 6. collecting duct 7. papillary duct 8. minor calyx 9. major calyx 10. renal pelvis. 11. ureter 12. urinary bladder 13. urethra 14. external urethral orifice

Question 36

Blood flow through the kidneys 1-13

Answer 36

1. Renal artery 2. segmental artery 3. interlobar artery 4. arcuate artery 5 . interlobular artery 6. afferent arteriole 7. glomerular capillary 8. efferent arteriole 9. peritubular capillaries/vasa recta 10. interlobular vein 11. arcuate vein 12. interlobar vein 13. renal vein

Question 37

reabsorption of additional 15% of water by osmosis. Impermeable to solutes

Answer 37

descending LOH

Question 38

hormones determine if urine is concentrated

Answer 38

ADH

Question 39

filters blood and forms filtrate

Answer 39

renal corpuscle

Question 40

reabsorption of majority of water and solutes from filtrated by active and passive processes. also secretion occurs here

Answer 40

PCT

Question 41

Reabsorption of more sodium, chloride, and about 10-15% more water

Answer 41

DCT

Question 42

Reabsorption of sodium, and chloride deceases the osmolarity of filtrate. Nearly impermeable to water.

Answer 42

ascending LOH

Question 43

Hormone that increases sodium and chloride ion reabsorption and potassium secretion

Answer 43

Aldosterone

Question 44

Process of moving substances from renal tubule into the peritubular capillary

Answer 44

tubular reabsorption

Question 45

ADH acts mainly at this portion of the nephron

Answer 45

collecting ducts

Question 46

Process of moving substances from the peritubular capillary into renal tubule

Answer 46

secretion

Question 47

process occurring across wall of glomerular capillary and visceral layer of glomerular capsule

Answer 47

filtration

Question 48

the act of voiding (emptying) urinary bladder

Answer 48

micturition

Question 49

hormone that increases water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Answer 49

ADH

Question 50

Normal volume of urine output per day in an adult?

Answer 50

1-2 Liters

Question 51

what is the normal colour of urine?

Answer 51

yellow/amber

Question 52

what could make urine cloudy?

Answer 52

microbes

Question 53

what is the normal specific gravity of urine?

Answer 53

1.001-1.035

Question 54

what makes urine have a higher specific gravity than distilled water?

Answer 54

solutes

Question 55

Five normal solutes found in urine?

Answer 55

- electrolytes - urea - creatinine - uric acid - metabolic end products

Question 56

normal urine contains what percent water and solute

Answer 56

95% water and 5% water

Question 57

is normal daytime urine output dilute or concentrated?

Answer 57

dilute

Question 58

what is the normal pH of urine?

Answer 58

4.6-8

Question 59

what is pyuria

Answer 59

white blood cells in urine

Question 60

what is ketonuria

Answer 60

ketone bodies in the urine

Question 61

what is hematuria

Answer 61

red blood cells in the urine

Question 62

what is glucosuria

Answer 62

glucose i the urine