urinary system disorders (medication)

Question 1

most diuretics influence levels of that mineral

Answer 1

K+ (potassium)

Question 2

name two potassium-wasting diuretics

Answer 2

thiazide (slightly k+ wasting)
loop (severely K+ wasting) (-semide)

Question 3

name an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic

Answer 3

spironolactone

Question 4

what antibiotic is used to treat UTIs, TB, and meningitis

Answer 4

rifampin

(take 1-2 hrs before a meal)

Question 5

adverse effects of rifampin

Answer 5

dark colored urine and jaundice = sign of liver problems

Question 6

name some contraindications for rifampin

Answer 6

avoid alcohol; avoid wearing contacts; diminished strength of antivirals

Question 7

what type of medication is phenazopyridine HCL (Pyridium)

Answer 7

urinary analgesic

Question 8

what is pyridium often used to treat

Answer 8

symptoms of UTIs (pain, burning, etc)

Question 9

what is pyridium often taken with

Answer 9

antibiotic treatment

Question 10

adverse effects of pyridium

Answer 10

dark colored urine and jaundice = sign of liver problems

Question 11

contraindications for pyridium

Answer 11

avoid alcohol; avoid wearing contacts

Question 12

side effects of rifampin and pyridium

Answer 12

• temporary discoloration of teeth and secretions (red/orange color(
• soft contact lenses may be permanently stained
• GI issues (N/V/D, pain, loss of appetite)

Question 13

cholinergic drugs mimic the effects of acetylcholine and stimulate the

Answer 13

parasympathetic nervous system (rest, digest, secrete)

(primarily used to stimulate the intestine and the bladder)

Question 14

____-acting cholinergic agents bind to cholinergic receptors and activate them

Answer 14

direct

Question 15

____-acting cholinergic agents stimulate the release of acetylcholine

Answer 15

indirect

Question 16

bethanechol is a ______ drug that contracts detrusor muscle; causes increased bladder and GI tract tone and motility. Causes the sphincters in the bladder and GI tract to relax and allow them to empty

Answer 16

cholinergic

Question 16

what is the antidote for cholinergic overdose

Answer 16

atropine

Question 17

bethanechol is helpful for what and used to treat what

Answer 17

• postsurgical bladder and GI atony (weakness)
• treats urinary retention and urinary incotinence

Question 18

what two ways can bethanechol be given

Answer 18

oral or SQ

Question 19

when taking bethanechol you must urinate within __

Answer 19

60 minutes

Question 20

side effects of bethanechol

Answer 20

bradycardia

Question 21

adverse effects of bethanechol

Answer 21

bronchospasm, GI upset, hypotension, syncope

Question 22

contraindications for bethanechol

Answer 22

Bradycardia, peptic ulcer disease, asthma attack, cardiac disease, GI/GU obstructions

Question 23

symptoms of a cholinergic crisis

Answer 23

• Abdominal cramping, N/V/D
• Flushing of skin
• Hypotension, dizziness, bronchial spasms & wheezing
• Salivation, lacrimation, bradycardia

Question 24

what classification of drug is atropine

Answer 24

anti-cholinergic

Question 25

GU indications for anti-cholinergic drugs

Answer 25

relax detrusor muscle and increase constriction of internal sphincter (neurogenic bladder, urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence)

Question 26

if an anticholinergic drug is too effective what might it result in

Answer 26

urinary retention

Question 27

for the CNS anticholinergic drugs can be taken to do what

Answer 27

decrease muscle rigidity and tremors

Question 28

for the GI tract, anticholinergic drugs can be taken to do what

Answer 28

decrease GI secretions, salivation; decrease mobility and peristalsis

Question 29

antidote for overdose of anti-cholinergic drugs

Answer 29

physostigmine

Question 30

side effects of anticholinergic drugs

Answer 30

- dry mouth (chew gum, mouth care, hard candy) - heat exhaustion due to decreased sweating with physical exertion and high temperatures

Question 31

adverse effects of anticholinergics that should be reported

Answer 31

urinary hesitancy and/or retention, constipation, tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, confusion, sedation, hallucinations, decreased sweating (leading to hot, dry skin)

Question 32

tamsulosin is what type of drug

Answer 32

adrenergic-blocking

Question 33

action of adrenergic-blocking drugs

Answer 33

Block alpha1 -> receptors relaxes smooth muscle of bladder and prostate -> improves urination

Question 34

when should tamsulosin be taken

Answer 34

in the morning with food

Question 35

side effects of tamsulosin

Answer 35

first dose phenomenon