Urinary system (Lecture 33)

Question 1

Urinary system anatomy

Answer 1

external anatomy of kidneys
 •renal capsule (fibrous capsule)
     -surrounds each kidney
 •hilum (indentation of medial side)
     -
renal artery and nerves enter and renal vein and ureter exit kidneys 
*******everything attaches at the hilum

Question 2

Internal anatomy of kidnays

Answer 2

renal cortex: outer area 
 •renal columns
renal medulla: inner area (1 layer)
 •renal pyramids (a part of the medulla layer)
calyces (2)
 •minor:  collects urine from individual renal pyramid
 •major: converge to form renal pelvis
Nephron: functional unit of kidney
**calyces=plural
***calyx= singular

Question 3

nephron

Answer 3

•renal corpuscle
     -where urine production begins
     -glomerular capsule ( bowmans capsule )
     -glomerulus
            •network of capillaries
            •filtration of blood
 •arterioles
     -afferent
            •blood to glomerulus
     -efferent
            •drains out of glomerulus
 •tubules
     -proximal convoluted tubule
          •water absorbed through the wall of proximal convoluted tubule
     -loop of henle (nephron loop)
           •descending limb
           •ascending limb
     -distal convoluted tubule
 •collecting ducts
****no veins in the glomerulus

Question 4

ureters and urinary bladder

Answer 4

•ureters
-tubes through which urine flows from kidneys to urinary bladder
•urinary bladder
-stores urine
•urethra
-transports urine form bladder to outside of body
-difference in length between males and females
-Sphincters
•internal urethral
•external urethral

Question 5

points to remeber

Answer 5

• kidney filters blood to eliminate metabolic wastes (e.g. urea formed from ammonia that is removed from blood by liver) and reabsorb substances such as sugars, amino acids, sodium and chloride
• functional unit of kidney is nephron
• ureters, urinary bladder and urethra transport urine ( product of nephron) outside of body