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Urinary and Endocrine System Anatomy > Urinary Workbook > Flashcards

Urinary Workbook Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

Maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

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2
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

Carries urine from kidneys to bladder

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3
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

Temporally stores urine

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4
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Conducts urine from bladder to exterior

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5
Q

What vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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6
Q

Where does the hilum of the kidney lie?

A

Level of the transpyloric plane

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7
Q

Which of the kidneys is lower and why?

A

Right is lower as liver pushes it down

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of the kidney?

A

Fibrous renal capsule
Fatty renal capsule
Renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue
Pararenal fatty tissue - mainly posterior aspect of the kidney

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9
Q

What is the significance of having fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys?

A

Cushioning and protection of kidneys
Also helps stabilise position

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10
Q

What muscles are posteriorly related to the kidney?

A

Diaphragm, psoas major and quadratus lumborum

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11
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retro peritonised

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12
Q

What is 1 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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13
Q

What is 2 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Liver

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14
Q

What is 3 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

What is 4 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Right colic flexure

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16
Q

What is 5 - relation of the right kidney?

A

Jejunum

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17
Q

What is 1 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Suprarenal gland

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18
Q

What is 2 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Stomach

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19
Q

What is 3 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Spleen

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20
Q

What is 4 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Pancreas

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21
Q

What is 5 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Left colic flexure

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22
Q

What is 6 - relation of the left kidney?

A

Jejunum

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23
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the kidneys

A

Sympathetic nerves originate in T12 and L1 spinal segments - pass through coeliac ganglia and along renal artery
Parasympathetic nerves are derived from the vagus nerve

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24
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys

Study These Flashcards
A

Lymph from the kidneys drain to para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries

25
What embryological structure does the definitive kidney develop from?
Metanephric mesoderm
26
What embryological structure does the ureter develop from?
Ureteric bud
27
What is 1?
Renal pyramid
28
What is 5?
Hilum of kidney
29
What is 6?
Renal pelvis
30
What is 7?
Ureter
31
What is 8?
Minor calyx
32
What is 9?
Fibrous capsule
33
What is 15?
Major calyx
34
What is 17?
Renal column
35
What is included in the outer cortex of the kidney?
Bowman's capsule, distal and proximal convoluted tubule, interlobular artery, peritubular capillaries and glomerulus
36
What is included in the inner medulla of the kidney?
Loop of Henle and collecting duct
37
What is A?
Proximal convoluted tubule
38
What is B?
Glomerulus
39
What is C?
Distal convoluted tubule
40
What is D?
Descending limb of loop of Henle
41
What is E?
Ascending limb of loop of Henle
42
What is AB?
Collecting duct
43
What vertebral level does the renal arteries come off the abdominal aorta?
L1-L2
44
What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney?
Divides into 5 segmental arteries which are end arteries
45
Describe the relationship of the renal veins to the aorta
Left renal vein travels anterior to aorta and is relatively long Right renal vein travels direct and relatively short
46
Describe the relationship of the renal arteries to the IVC
Right renal artery travels posterior to the IVC and is relatively long Left renal artery travels direct and is relatively short
47
How is the ureter peritonised?
Retroperitoneal
48
Where does the proximal and distal part of the ureter lie?
Proximal in abdominal cavity Distal in pelvic cavity
49
What muscle does the ureter lie on?
Psoas major
50
Describe the course of the ureter
Dilatation called renal pelvis which is posterior to renal vessels Descends and lies of psoas major Crosses anteriorly to bifurcation of common iliac artery, then along lateral wall of pelvis and turns medially to reach bladder
51
What artery crosses the ureter superiorly in females?
Uterine artery
52
What crosses the ureter superiorly in males?
Vas deferens
53
What are the 3 constrictions of the ureter where calculi may lodge?
Junction of ureter and renal pelvis Ureter crosses brim of the pelvic inlet During passing through wall of urinary bladder
54
What is the trigone of the urinary bladder?
Is triangular area located in fundus Where left and right ureters enter bladder - ureteric orifice Urethral opening Trigone has smooth walls
55
What are the 4 tissue layers of the urinary bladder?
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Propria Serosa
56
What are the peritoneal relations of the urinary bladder?
Parietal peritoneum from inferior part of anterior abdominal wall drapes over superior surface of bladder and dips behind posterior surface to form peritoneal pouches
57
What kind of epithelium is the urinary bladder and ureter?
Transitional epithelium
58
What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium on urinary bladder and ureter?
Can stretch and contract as bladder fills and empties

Urinary and Endocrine System Anatomy (4 decks)

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