Urine Character (continued) Flashcards
Urine is clear in most species. Name 2 species that that have cloudy urine.
Equine and Rabbits
What causes the cloudy character in Equine urine?
Calcium Carbonate Crystals and Mucus secreted by glands in the renal pelvis
What causes the cloudy character in Rabbit urine?
Calcium Carbonate Crystals
What are the 5 terms used to describe the clarity/transparency of a urine sample?
-Clear (not much sediment)
-Slightly Cloudy
-Cloudy (significant sediment)
-Turbid (can’t read through it at all)
-Flocculent (suspended particles)
Urine odor is not highly diagnostic, but can be helpful. Name 3 types of urine odor descriptions.
- Normal
- Ammonia
- Sweet or Fruity
What causes an ammonia odor in urine?
Cystitis caused by bacteria (bacteria convert urea to ammonia)
What causes a sweet or fruity smell in urine?
Ketones
-Diabetes Mellitus
-Ketosis in Cattle
-Pregnancy Disease in Ewes
What is specific gravity?
The weight (density) of a liquid compared to that of an equal amount of distilled water
What does Urine Specific Gravity tell us?
- Hydration Status
- Ability of kidneys to concentrate urine
Name 3 testing methods that determine Urine Specific Gravity.
- Refractometer
- Urinometer
- Reagent Strips
Name 3 Factors that can affect Urine Specific Gravity
- Eating & Drinking Habits
- Environmental Temperature
- When the sample is collected
When would USG be the highest with regard to when it was collected?
Early morning / Mid-Stream
What USG test is least reliable?
Reagent Strip
How would the following factors affect USG and what is the term for this status?
-Decreased water intake
-Increased fluid loss (sweating, panting, diarrhea)
-Increased excretion of urine solutes
-Acute Renal Failure
-Dehydration
-Shock
Increased USG = Hypersthenuria
What is the term for the USG status under the following conditions:
- USG Approaches that of GFR
- Urine has not been concentrated or diluted
- Chronic Renal Failure
Isosthenuria (1.008 to 1.012)
